Maintaining a normal level of functioning of the economy directly depends on the development of market infrastructure - a set of economic institutions that are responsible for the continuity of its mechanism. Their purpose is to carry out the distribution and movement of financial and commodity flows. Exchange operations are carried out within the framework of some organizational forms, for example, shops, bazaars and fairs, and the movement of money contributes to the emergence of specialized institutions, such as banks.
The exchange is the most developed form of market infrastructure. With its help, regular wholesale is made of goods of the same type, as well as foreign currency and securities. This contributed to its division into different types:
1. Currency exchange - this is the place of transactions for the sale of currencies. Each of them has a specific individual work schedule, which affects the actions of traders who have to take this into account, but they do not always have the ability to respond in time to changes in monetary situations. The foreign exchange market is a place for trade that does not have time and territorial boundaries. It can perform operations around the clock, excluding weekends and holidays. Currency trading can be both a main occupation and a part-time job.
2. A stock exchange is an organization whose activity is to provide the required conditions for the normal circulation of securities, the dissemination of information about them and determining their value in the market. It is designed to create an organizational structure, execute transactions with its values, for a clear mechanism for concluding and a system of control over transactions with a high level of reliability.
3. A commodity exchange is a sphere created as an intermediary that provides its services in the process of concluding sales transactions. In addition, she is responsible for the regulation of operations and support situations. The Mercantile Exchange regularly collects and publishes information on cost and production factors that affect pricing.
4. The labor exchange is an institution representing the services of an intermediary in the process of employment (both to employers and mercenaries). It contributes to the quick search for a good job by profession or filling free vacancies. The labor exchange has a huge base of hired personnel and free places for employment. She studies the labor market and provides free advice on the professional interests of employers.
In connection with the growing financial crisis, previously unclaimed institutions appeared:
- barter exchange is the sphere of exchange of goods for goods without the use of money;
- a deposit exchange on which a deposit in a troubled bank can be exchanged for funds of another participant.
The market structure continues to improve and develop, so very soon we will be able to get acquainted with new types of exchanges.