A statistical summary is information about a single unit of the studied population that characterize it from various angles. Get it after the completion of the initial stage of the examination. The results of the statistical summary are obtained by summarizing and systematizing the indicators identified during the observation process.
Value
Summary (grouping) of statistical material allows you to find the features and characteristics of the population as a whole, as well as identify its individual components, to find patterns of the analyzed economic, social processes and phenomena. Such systematization is the primary summary of statistical material.
Work stages
Summary and grouping of statistics includes several separate steps. After the initial analysis, the processing of the results is carried out, the purpose of which is to obtain generalized information about the process under study or the phenomenon according to certain criteria.
A statistical summary is a result obtained after the end of processing the initial information. It implies a transition from specific data to information about the patterns and typical features that are inherent in the process or phenomenon as a whole.
How is a statistical summary done? The stages of its implementation are as follows:
- preliminary control; here, the data available about the phenomenon (process) is checked;
- distribution according to certain criteria of all indicators;
- creation of a statistical table based on available indicators.
Such actions are necessary in order for information in the form of statistical tables to be understandable and convenient for perception.
Classification
Consider the main types of statistical summary. Allocate a simple and complex form. Information on individual units is summarized as a whole, without dividing it into homogeneous species.
The end result of a simple statistical summary will be the subsequent processing of the available material. In addition, it has a specific cognitive value.
Features of simple statistics
A simple statistical summary is an operation that is associated with the calculation of group and total data on the sum of the units of the observation, as well as the design of the available material in the tables. With its help it is possible to identify the number of units of the analyzed population, to understand the volume of the considered features, but not to have an idea about the totality of the analyzed population.
Complicated Statistics
Such a statistical summary is a breakdown of aggregate information into separate homogeneous groups. A separate calculation of the results in each of them is carried out. Next, the whole set is analyzed as a whole. Using this analysis, you can conduct a detailed study of an object or object, identify those signs that have an effect on it, determine the features and patterns of the analyzed population.
Such a statistical summary and grouping are a set of operations relating to the distribution of units of consideration of the analyzed economic or social process (phenomenon) into separate groups.
In addition, it is planned to create a system of certain indicators with which the characteristics of groups, subgroups of the considered sum of phenomena will be carried out, the number of units in each of them will be identified, as well as the creation of statistical tables based on the results of work. Thanks to a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the content and essence of the studied processes and results, a full-fledged statistical summary and grouping is carried out.
General characteristics of bulletins
A summary of statistical observation assumes the reliability and validity of the results.
The program and plan of such a study contains a list of those groups into which the entire totality of the analyzed observation is divided. Depending on the task of the statistical summary, a specific program is selected.
It involves the following steps:
- selection of a grouped characteristic to create homogeneous systems;
- determination of the number of groups and the order of their formation;
- development of a system of statistical indicators to consider the object and groups in the aggregate;
- creating a layout of statistical tables to obtain the final information.
Features of different types of bulletins
A summary of statistical data is accompanied by the compilation of its implementation plan. It assumes information on the timing, algorithm, methodology of the summary, as well as on the performers. The rules and order by which statistical observation will be drawn up must be indicated . Summary, grouping are divided into centralized and decentralized options.
The second option involves the generalization of information when the study is carried out from top to bottom on the managerial ladder, with detailed processing being carried out at all stages. It is performed locally, that is, in enterprises. Further information comes to the statistical departments operating in each subject of the country. Here they are processed and transferred to the Goskomstat of the Russian Federation. Only after that do summary indicators on the socio-economic situation in the country be derived.
A centralized statistical summary is a method that involves the concentration of all primary data obtained in the process of statistical research, from the very beginning to the end in a single organization.
Depending on the execution technique, the summary may be manual and mechanized, involving the use of electronic computers.
Classification and essence of groupings
Thanks to the scientifically substantiated division into groups, it is possible to draw complete and correct conclusions about the studied population, as well as about the processes taking place.
The essence of the scientific group was examined in detail in the works of V.I. Lenin. He pointed out that the statistical grouping needs a comprehensive socio-economic analysis of the phenomena under consideration.
Grouping signs should be consistent with the objectives of the statistical study. Depending on the correctness of their choice, it is possible to identify the socio-economic types of the analyzed phenomena. As a brilliant example of such groups can be considered his work, which is associated with the development of capitalism in Russia.
It is with the help of statistical grouping that you can conduct a full-fledged study. For the formation of homogeneous groups on the basis of subdivision into separate parts of the statistical population or a combination of units studied in the aggregate, certain characteristics are needed.
Types of statistical grouping
When applying it, you can solve the following tasks:
- highlight the socio-economic types of phenomena;
- to study the structure of phenomena, as well as those shifts that occur in them;
- highlighting the interdependencies and interrelations between the signs and objects that are characterized by them.
What types of statistical groupings are there? Typological ones suggest homogeneous populations that are similar in grouping characteristics. As their examples, one can note the grouping of lands by type of ownership. In the typological grouping, special attention is paid to the selection and identification of types. To build typological groups, you need to use quantitative and qualitative features.
The totality of the attribute attribute is associated with the allocation of the number of groups that correspond to the actual number of gradations of this attribute. The problem of determining the intervals of typological grouping is solved by identifying such quantitative boundaries in which the analyzed phenomenon will change the existing qualities, acquire new properties.
In a typological grouping, the number of groups is determined by the number of available socio-economic types. They are associated with the structure, composition, and variability of attributes; therefore, they distinguish a structural grouping. For example, qualification groups all warehouse employees.
The value of statistical grouping
The main purpose of statistical groups is to conduct research and identify the relationships between the individual features of a statistical population. To solve this problem, anatomical groups are built. They make it possible to identify the interdependencies and interrelations between the analyzed socio-economic signs and phenomena. All signs in the statistics are divided into productive and factorial types. The first include those that change under the influence of factor signs. And they suggest an impact on the change of effective signs.
An important task in the process of constructing an analytical group is the selection of the number of groups that can be divided into the studied set of observation units, as well as consideration of their permissible boundaries.
The study of complex economic and social phenomena involves the use of combination groups. They need to identify a sufficient number of observations, only in this case it is possible to build a reliable result.
To find objects in the analyzed space, multidimensional grouping is used. Depending on the information used, the following statistical groups are distinguished:
- primary, created on the basis of the initial information obtained in statistical observation;
- secondary, which are the result of the synthesis or division of the group.
Build Options
In order to build statistical groups, select a certain characteristic. Then choose the number of groups, develop the entire population on them, then fix its boundaries. Each group involves the identification of specific indicators or their summation, so that they can fully characterize the studied groups. The choice of such a feature is a rather complex and important issue in a statistical study. It is he who affects the breakdown of units into specific groups. The conclusions that will be made after the completion of the analysis directly depend on the grouping attribute.
Conclusion
Statistical studies involve serious and systematic experiments, generalizations, conclusions. It is necessary to conduct an initial detailed analysis of the economic essence of the organization, and only on the basis of the findings and results to look for ways to eliminate the identified problem.
Given the complexity of the situation that currently exists in the domestic market, statistical studies and analyzes have gained particular importance and relevance. To carry out detailed and systemic calculations, modern extras use special techniques.
For example, due to the allocation of groups of the studied population for a specific attribute, application, it can be concluded that the company is expedient, its effectiveness and efficiency. Through statistical observations, you can get information about all the parameters of the studied object. Factor signs affect the properties of the object, thanks to them you can get certain conclusions at the first stage.
An important stage of the statistical study is the systematization of the initial data that were obtained during the observation. Specialists are engaged in processing the results obtained from enterprises, conduct a generalization, provide ready-made information to higher authorities, as well as to authorities.
The summary that the statistician performs is a set of procedures with which you can summarize the individual characteristics of the phenomenon, determine the characteristic features of the analyzed object or phenomenon, and influence the patterns of development by using statistical indicators.
Before creating the final reports, extras check the accuracy of the information provided to them. For example, based on the information provided by the heads of educational institutions, a prestige rating of schools is built. To ensure that the result is as true as possible, statisticians not only use information from school principals to build tables, but also summarize the results of surveys offered to parents, graduates, and schoolchildren. Similar studies are carried out in the field of medicine to show the effectiveness and quality of public services, to identify the level of provision of medical services to citizens. Recently, statistical reports are used in various fields of activity. In addition to analyzing the performance of large enterprises, similar studies are performed in the social sphere, identifying the best enterprises and organizations.