A single-line power supply circuit is designed to understand how the main components of the circuit are located and what the sequence of their connection is. At the same time, single-line diagrams most often reflect the main markings and types of electrical equipment, their manufacturer and some parameters.
A single-line electrical power supply circuit serves for illustration and allows you to understand the general principle of the circuit. As a rule, such a scheme is necessary in the early stages of working with equipment.
According to GOST for the preparation of design documentation for installation and commissioning of electrical equipment, each circuit must have a stamp, and each switchgear has its own parameters, which should be indicated on the drawing. These parameters include: COS φ, type of cable used, power and current. If the circuit is performed with electrical cabinets, their location should be indicated on a single-line circuit, in addition, remote control is used today to control modern disconnectors on the switchgear. It can be displayed in the OPU or remain next to the drive, while the button is displayed separately from the disconnector. A single-line power supply should also reflect their location.
The length of the cables and the layout of their layout is reflected with an accuracy of one meter. Thus, the contractor understands the big picture and estimates the amount of work ahead.
The electrical diagram should include the type and location of metering devices, as well as the loss of electricity during transmission through power lines. The scheme and data are fixed by the signature of the engineer for the development of this document.
Before a single-line power supply scheme for a residential building goes into production, it goes through a series of approvals. At the same time, only a specialist with a permit from the SRO can compile it. The company producing these schemes should be a member of the SRO. If a sample circuit is created without the necessary tolerance, then it cannot be considered by the competent authorities.
The implementation of a single-line scheme is a crucial step, depending on how it is composed depends on whether energy will be spent economically. For example, it is known that the total load is inductive, since motors, power supplies and transformers often act as consumers. Thus, the COS φ decreases, which leads to a huge power consumption. To avoid this, a single-line power supply circuit is performed with capacitor banks. Since the
reactance vectors of the coil and capacitor are
opposed , they cancel each other out, thereby eliminating their effect on power, COS φ increases, and production saves money.
However, a single-line power supply circuit may include capacitor banks only when appropriate. For example, in order to provide electricity for small areas, this approach is not rational, since
resistance is predominant
, but if there are large plants, factories or some other production in the district, capacitor banks are simply necessary.
Designers of electrical circuits should carefully study the place where the replacement of power supply circuits is planned, and draw the right conclusions.