During a thunderstorm, pulsed interference often occurs in the network. They can also be observed when the transformer breaks down. To protect the electrical equipment in the house, special SPD devices are used. They are installed in the guards of different configurations.
The difference between the modifications lies in the magnitude of the parameters of the output voltage, threshold frequency, and conductivity. The standard model consists of a block and contacts. Resistors are installed in various types. The modulator in the devices is connected to the transceiver. This element has conductors, as well as a triode. In order to learn more about SPD, you should consider the principle of the model.
Principle of operation
Various surge protection devices are available on the market. Their principle of operation is based on a change in conductivity. For this, the device has contacts. The threshold frequency is stabilized by a modulator. The triode plays the role of a conductor. When voltage is applied to the output contacts, the current conductivity parameter changes. If we consider devices with an expander, then their contacts are installed on the plate. Changing the position of the elements is due to the operation of the resistor.
Scheme of connecting devices of the first degree
Surge protection devices of the first degree are suitable for panels of the PB series. In this case, a transceiver is used to connect the models. The output voltage must average 14 V. The conductivity parameter of the SPD depends on the type of resistors. They are usually used with an amplifier. Locks are used to connect the contacts. The threshold conductivity parameter is on average 4.5 microns.
Before connecting the SPD, the total resistance in the circuit is checked. The specified parameter for devices of the first series is 50 Ohms. Also, modifications of this type are suitable for CP type guards. They are installed in many residential buildings. Connection to the shield occurs through the transceiver. The total resistance parameter in the circuit should not exceed 55 ohms. The device is not suitable for PP series shields due to the high current conductivity.
The use of modifications of the second degree
Second-degree surge protection devices are devices that connect to the PP series of shields. In this case, the connection is due to the conductors. If we consider modifications on expanders, then modulators are used with a lining. Before connecting the equipment, the output voltage on the stabilizer is checked. The specified parameter fluctuates around 13 V. The expander is used two-pin type.
If we consider the shields of the PP20 series, then they have an insulator installed. A grid triode is used to connect the SPD. Most often it is used on an operational amplifier. It is also important to note that there are integrated rectifiers in the shields of the PP21 series. These elements are required for current conversion.
Third degree protection devices
Third-degree surge protection devices are suitable for shields that use a bushing type dynistor. Receiving equipment is carried out through a damper. Contacts for the connection are selected with a copper lining. The total resistance parameter should be about 40 ohms. If we consider the shields of the PP19 series, then the thyristor is used with an amplifier. In some cases, modifications are available with capacitor resistors.
Connecting elements of the specified type occurs with and without an adapter. If we consider the first option, then varicaps are taken of a variable type. The total resistance is on average 30 ohms. If we consider the second option, then varicaps are allowed to use a variable type. The threshold overload parameter of the devices is about 3 A. It is also important to note that the models use magnetic filters.
Unipolar modifications of RN-101M
Single-pole surge protection devices - what is it? These devices are contact blocks that are suitable for AC networks. They are often connected to transformers that use a high voltage relay. In residential buildings, devices are rarely used. The difference between the models also lies in the rectifier. It is used on a damping basis. The total resistance parameter is 22 ohms on average.
It is also important to note that the output voltage is about 200 V. Contacts are used inside the device, as well as a modulator. Plates are most often installed in a horizontal position. The transceiver for connection is selected linear type. Many modifications are equipped with tetrodes. Converters are used for their normal operation. Most often they are made with a rectifier.
Connection diagram for bipolar modification RN-105M
Bipolar surge protection devices may be connected via pentodes. The total resistance parameter should be 40 ohms. It is also important to note that the device contacts are connected directly to the dinistor. Many elements use a comparator. The specified element makes it possible to install a rotary controller.
The model is suitable for guards of the CP series. In this case, the conductivity depends on the SPD modulator. If it is used as an integral type, then the above indicator averages 2.2 microns. Also, models often have a duplex modulator. The conductivity parameter in the circuit is on average 3 microns.
Application of models of the ABB series
ABB surge protection devices are often installed in residential buildings. If we consider shields of the PP type, then the connection of the capacitors occurs through an expander. The modulator is connected directly to the damper. In many cases, a rectifier is not required. If we consider the shield with the lining, then for the normal operation of the device a triode is used. The specified element is able to work only with a magnetic filter. The current conductivity in the circuit is about 4 microns. The total resistance is 40 ohms.
ZUBR D40 Series Devices
D40 surge protection device - what is it? These devices are the blocks in which the contacts are located. They are suitable for shields that have an operational type transceiver. The modulator is connected to the device through a comparator. The conductivity parameter averages 5 microns. It is also important to note that the modulator is allowed to be connected without a trim. In some cases, a damper is used. The specified element plays the role of a stabilizer.
The transceiver in the shield is connected to the contacts. If we consider the shields of the PP20 series, it is important to note that they have an adapter. The indicated element is often installed with a regulator. To connect an SPD, a pulse capacitor is required. The specified element must have a conductivity of 6 microns. The total resistance is on average 12 ohms.
Schematic diagram of the ZUBR D42 series
The use of surge protection devices of this series is very limited. They are suitable for high voltage transformers. The model contacts are used with plates. To connect the device to high-voltage equipment, dampers are used. If we consider electrode modifications, the connection is due to the triode. There are also modifications with operational dampers. They have a phase type regulator. For PP series guards, this model is not suitable.
Application of models of the ZUBR D45 series
The surge protection device of this series is characterized by high conductivity. His contacts are mounted on the plates. The varicap in this case is used with a lining. Filters in the model are used wired type. Devices are suitable for PC series guards. The modulator is connected through a transistor. The total resistance parameter should be about 20 ohms. It is also important to pay attention to the output voltage.
If you use a damper, then the specified parameter is on average 12 V. Also, dynistors are often used in the guards of the PC series. In this situation, the output voltage does not exceed 15 V. Also, the SPD of the specified series can be connected to PP19 type shields. In this case, the damper is used multi-channel type. The dinistor is used without filters. The modulator is connected to the network through a transistor. The output conductivity parameter should be about 4 microns. The total resistance indicator lies in the region of 40 ohms.
TESSLA D32 Series Devices
Devices of this series are manufactured with feedthrough modulators. Their contacts are of a movable type. For PP20 series shields, this device is often used. The modulator is connected via an expander. Most often it is used with a converter. To solve the problems with increasing the frequency, a tetrode is installed.
If we consider the guards of the PP10 series, then they have a kenotron. The specified item is set to two or three outputs. In the first embodiment, the device modulator is connected through a damper. The output conductivity parameter is 3.3 microns. The total resistance in the circuit is 30 ohms. If we consider the second option, then an SPD will need a dynistor.
Schematic diagram of the TESSLA D35 series
It is a compact and high voltage surge protection device. The modification connection scheme involves the use of a damper. If we consider shields of the PP19 type, then it is used of the electrode type. The dinistor is used with a trim. Filters can be installed through or network type. The SPD modulator is connected through an expander.
Also the device is suitable for PP20 series guards. Comparators in them are used of variable type. The modulator in this case is connected with a zener diode. The output conductivity parameter is on average 3.5 microns. The total resistance is about 45 ohms.
Application of the TESSLA D40 Series
The surge protection device (SPD) of this series is suitable for transformers that have a resistor. The modulator is connected to the equipment through a damper. Most often, filters are of the pass-through type. The output conductivity index is on average 3 microns. The total resistance parameter does not exceed 55 ohms. Transistors in devices of this series are used without plates. In total, the model has three pairs of contacts. The output connector is located at the bottom of the structure. For PP series guards, the model is not suitable.
VC-115 Series Devices
The surge protection device (SPD) of the specified series is connected without lining. For PP20 type guards, the model is suitable. The modulator is allowed to be connected through a damper or dinistor. In the first embodiment, a rectifier is needed. The filter is applied through type. A rectifier is needed to increase the threshold frequency. If we consider a circuit with an expander, then the output frequency can be normalized only due to capacitors. The output conductivity parameter averages 4 microns. The total resistance in the circuit is 40 ohms.
Schematic diagram of the device series VC-122
Surge and interference protection device of this series is suitable for step-down transformers. Also, the model is actively used in the guards of the PC series. First of all, it is important to note that the model uses a high-voltage modulator. The parameter of output conductivity is 2 microns. For PC19 guards, the model is suitable. In this case, the modulator is connected through the plate.
Filters may only be used with a pass-through type. If we consider the shields of the PC20 series, then they have a damper. The expander for connection is used magnetic type. It is also important to note that 200 V step-down transformers cannot be used.