Today, in the age of information technology, eye diseases are becoming more common. It is extremely important not to miss the negative manifestations of the organs of vision. The most common disease is myopia, which is characterized by a drop in vision, the image becomes blurred, and a person notes terrible pain and discomfort during prolonged use of a computer.
The causes of eye diseases are many. They are all different for other diseases.
Signs of eye disease
Symptoms will necessarily depend on the type of the disease. When pathologies of the cornea or iris appear, an unpleasant sensation of varying severity (for example, a feeling of “sand”), the appearance of a fear of light, redness and colorless fluid contained in the conjunctival cavity will be a mandatory symptom. A sign of strabismus is the deviation of the eye in the other direction, which later leads to a decrease in vision. With manifestations of age-related eye diseases (cataracts), double vision and loss of color definition will be the distinguishing symptoms.
Diseases of the conjunctiva of the eye begin with symptoms of redness and swelling of the eyelids, later there is an addition of burning and itching from the side of the sick eye, increased lacrimation and the appearance of pus.
Eye diseases, the types of which are presented below, occur at any age.
Myopia
Myopia or in another way myopia is an eye disease when a person does not see objects well in the distance, but well at close range.
The causes of myopia are several:
- heredity;
- visual load on the eyes;
- infections.
Myopia can be congenital or acquired. If both parents have shortsightedness, then the likelihood of a congenital disease in the child is 50%. Acquired myopia occurs due to a large strain on the eyes: poor lighting, prolonged work at the computer and other reasons. With myopia, a person has to wear glasses or lenses. Laser vision correction helps to completely get rid of myopia. Exercises for the eyes will not be superfluous, they are used in alternative treatment of myopia.
Optometrists diagnose myopia using a table with a set of letters or images for small patients. With the progression of myopia, it is recommended to do scleroplasty - an operation in which visual impairment is stopped surgically.
Halazion
This is a seal that forms on the eye in the eyelid. It looks like a small nodule and irritates the mucous membrane of the eye. Such an education is considered benign and, with proper treatment, does not cause additional health problems.
The development of this disease occurs due to blockage of the duct of the gland. And this process causes inflammation and discomfort in the eye area. Also provoking factors are hypothermia, stress, poor nutrition and poor personal hygiene.
With alarming symptoms, it is important to seek the help of an ophthalmologist in a timely manner. After the examination, he will prescribe the necessary treatment. It can be dry compresses in combination with ointment and drops. With the right treatment, recovery comes quickly. After therapy, it is necessary to strengthen your immunity. And this is to enrich your food with vitamins and minerals and lead a healthy lifestyle. Actively engage in sports and observe the daily routine.
Dry eye syndrome
This unpleasant sensation may occur due to poor corneal moisture. The patient experiences a burning sensation, discomfort, photophobia and lacrimation. As a result of these symptoms, additional ones also join in: quick eye fatigue when working at a computer and general weakness of the body. In ophthalmic practice, this disease is considered the most common, and it affects people whose work involves a long stay at the computer.
Diagnosis is based on patient complaints. After a thorough examination, the doctor prescribes treatment and gives the necessary recommendations to patients. First of all, it is observing the visual regime. Exclude stay at the computer and TV, as well as mobile devices. Drops are prescribed that will moisturize the eyes.
With proper treatment, recovery occurs fairly quickly and without complications. Prevention measures must also be observed. It is a healthy lifestyle.
Barley
This infectious eye disease is unpleasant in that although it affects a small area, it causes great discomfort and can ruin all plans. After all, few people would like other people to see an unhealthy eye.
Barley on the eye appears as a swelling on the eyelid. The reason for this may be an infection that has fallen into the ciliary follicles, and this, in turn, becomes the cause of inflammation of the sebaceous gland. At the very beginning of the disease, a painful point appears on the eyelid, after that - redness and slight swelling, swelling of the skin on the eyelid, conjunctivitis begins. After 2-4 days, a yellow dot appears on the eyelid, this is an abscess. When it breaks through, pus is released from it and the pain itself can pass. During barley, the temperature may rise, bother the headache. No need to try to squeeze the pus out of the abscess yourself, rub your hand over the sore eye.
For treatment, it is recommended:
- Apply dry heat.
- Antibacterial drops.
- Therapeutic ointments.
- UHF
If within 7 days the eye has become more red and painful, you must definitely go to the hospital.
Traditional medicine gives such recommendations:
- Use lotions with tincture of calendula and valerian flowers.
- Apply to treat aloe leaf. It must be well chopped and infused for 8 hours in cold boiled water.
Cataract
This is a disease in which the lens becomes cloudy from an optical lens that is located inside the eye.
Causes:
- age-related changes;
- inflammation of the eyes;
- diabetes;
- myopia;
- poor nutrition;
- exposure to toxic substances;
- hereditary factors.
Symptoms include a rapid decrease in vision. A veil or fog forms before the eyes. Black dots appear. Then a person ceases to see faces, objects and cannot read.
At the initial stage, they try to dispense with drops, such as Quinax, Taufon. But, basically, they carry out operations. Today, a laser is used for treatment. Do the operation under local freezing using drops. In the process, the lens is replaced and dark fibers are cleansed. They also conduct ultrasound treatment. They grind the lens and also replace it with a new one. Pieces of the old lens are removed using an aspirator.
Amblyopia ("lazy eye")
Amblyopia (lazy eye syndrome) is an eye disease, the symptom of which is a decrease in visual acuity, which cannot be corrected with glasses / lenses.
Among the main risk factors are:
- the presence of heterotropy;
- in childhood, prematurity of the child;
- too little weight of the newborn;
- Cerebral palsy, a delay in intellectual development;
- retinal diseases.
Symptoms of Amblyopia
This is an eyeball disease, among the main manifestations of which: amaurosis of both eyes, incorrect determination of the size of objects and distances, displacement of the eye from the point of view (with strabismus) diplopia, deficiency of visual and spatial perception.
Amblyopia can be divided into organic, functional and hysterical.
The first is not treatable and is an irreversible process.
The prognosis of therapy depends on the main factors: the type of amblyopia, congenital visual acuity and concomitant diseases, the timeliness of the start of treatment, the right treatment methods and the correct fixation of the eye.
The sooner you start treatment, the greater the chance of a positive treatment outcome. With the correct and timely treatment started, it is possible to significantly improve vision or even completely restore it.
Macular degeneration
Macular degeneration is a fundus disease in which the retina is affected. Due to the reduction in the width of the eye vessels, the disease develops. According to some studies, among the reasons contributing to the development of macular degeneration are obesity, pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, severe head injuries, severe myopia, and lack of vitamins. There are two types of macular degeneration - dry and wet.
Signs of the dry type:
- The appearance of yellow plaque.
- Affects disability.
- It's getting harder to read.
Signs of wet type:
- Noticeable visual impairment.
- Distortion of straight lines.
- Blurred eyes.
Treatment of the disease is ineffective and often requires surgical intervention. Therefore, it is worthwhile at the initial stages of the disease to deal with the prevention of complications. People who consume a lot of fresh vegetables and fruits are much less likely to suffer from macular degeneration than those who consume unhealthy foods.
To prevent the disease, you should eat right, take vitamins, or vitamin-mineral complexes. Avoid drinking alcohol and nicotine. With a diagnosis and risk of developing macular degeneration, an ophthalmologist should be examined more than twice a year.
Conjunctivitis
A frequent eye disease in children, namely inflammation of the mucous membrane of the inner surface of the eyelid and sclera.
Infection occurs through a contact-domestic way. Pathological bacteria begin to form and multiply on the mucous membrane of the eye. They form toxins and the inflammatory process begins. The most common pathogens are staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and tuberculosis viruses. Viral inflammation is caused by adenoviruses. It can develop due to herpes simplex or chickenpox. In children, conjunctivitis usually develops due to diseases of the nose or otitis media.
There are chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborns. Infection gets through the birth canal.
Symptoms
- sharp pain in the eyes;
- purulent discharge in the form of mucus;
- discomfort in the eyes and swelling with redness.
Eyes are washed with medicinal solutions, special ointments and drops are prescribed. If necessary, antifungal ointments are prescribed.
Color blindness
Color blindness, also known as color blindness, is the inability to see color or differences in color. The problems are usually minor, and most people adapt. The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited error in the development of one or more of the three sets of color probe cones (photosensitive receptors) in the eye.
Diagnosis of color blindness in men is more likely than in women, since the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the Y chromosome. Color blindness can also be the result of damage to the eyes, nerves, or brain, or due to exposure to certain chemicals.
Diagnosis is usually performed using the Ishihara test, but there are a number of other testing methods. There is no cure for color blindness. Not distinguishing red-green colors is the most common form, followed by blue-yellow color blindness and not completely distinguishing colors.
Sclerite
Scleritis is a disease of the eyeball, inflammation of the protein coat and its layers, in the form of red nodules. It can be front and rear (less often).
Anterior inflammation of the sclera is divided into:
1. Necrotizing:
- with the inflammatory process;
- without inflammation.
2. Not necrotizing:
- diffuse (common);
- nodular (with ankylosing spondylitis).
Scleritis harms carriers that have:
- various forms of arthritis (rheumatoid, psoriatic);
- infectious infection (viruses, bacteria);
- postoperative inflammatory processes;
- injuries
- purulent discharge (iritis, hypopion).
The destructive effect of only the outer layer of the sclera is called episcleritis. Deterioration of all tissues of the protein coat - scleritis. There may be damage to one or both eyes. If you experience itching, pain, feel a decrease in visual acuity, you should consult a doctor. To make the correct diagnosis, a trip to the ophthalmologist is inevitable.
Keratitis
This is an inflammation of the cornea, that is, the anterior membrane of the eye becomes inflamed. Appears due to injury, allergies, or infection. Vision begins to decline, and the eye becomes cloudy. The inflammation is in the cornea of the eye. Often develops after a conjunctivitis or blepharitis. With a disease in the cornea, white blood cells, platelets and other tissues accumulate. If another infection joins, then necrosis may develop in the corneal tissues.
The causes of keratitis can be damage, fungal infections, wearing lenses, bacteria in the eyes, infections and a lack of vitamins.
Symptoms will be a fear of bright light, a strong discharge of tears, and involuntary closure of the eyes. At the very beginning of the disease, there is a feeling of the presence of something alien in the eye.
Possible visual impairment, pus formation in the inner lining of the eye, sepsis, perforation of the cornea.
For treatment, antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antifungal and vitamins are prescribed both in drops and in tablets.
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is an inflammatory eye disease in people of the eyelid. There are simple, ulcerative, scaly and meiboy forms, which by etiology can be divided into: infectious, inflammatory, non-inflammatory.
The cause of blepharitis can be a bacterial, viral or fungal infection, as well as the introduction of arthropods, such as Demodex ticks, lice.
Each form of blepharitis has its own characteristics. Simple blepharitis is characterized by redness, swelling of the edge of the eyelid, eyelash loss is possible. Itching and sensitivity of the eyes to external irritants (to sunlight, smoke and dust) may be disturbing.
Treatment of eye diseases should be etiotropic (eliminating the root cause). Hygiene measures of the affected eyelids are carried out, which include the removal of crusts and characteristic secretions.
To do this, use:
- 0.02% Furacilin;
- 0.9% saline.
Drug therapy includes:
1. Antibacterial agents:
- "Tobrex" (0.3% ointment);
- "Tetracycline";
- Erythromycin (1% ointment);
- "Tsiloksan";
- antiseptics (calendula and chamomile flower extract);
- Fitabakt;
- 0.2% "Furacilin ointment".
2. Anti-inflammatory drugs:
- "Dexamethasone" (0.1% ophthalmic ointment).
- "Hydrocortisone" (1% ointment).
With scaly blepharitis, the symptomatology is typical: redness and pasty of the eyelids, the skin of the eyelids in the eyelash region is covered with an abundant layering of small scales.
As a treatment for eye diseases after cleansing the surface of the eyelids from crusts and secretions, use:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs (0.1% dexamethasone ophthalmic ointment, 1% hydrocortisone ointment).
- Antibacterial agents (1% tetracycline eye ointment, 0.3% tobramycin ointment, 1% erythromycin ointment).
Ulcerative blepharitis is often caused by staphylococcal infection and is characterized by damage to the hair follicles of the eyelashes. With this form of blepharitis, puffiness and redness of the eyelids are disturbing, yellow crusts appear, under which pus accumulates. When the crusts leave, small ulcers remain. And also eyelashes are affected, they become thinner and fall out. First of all, as with the previous forms, it is necessary to carry out hygienic cleansing of the affected areas.
After that use:
- Antibiotics (0.3% tobramycin eye ointment, 1% tetracycline and erythromycin ointment);
- Antiseptics (0.2% furacilin ointment).
The cause of demodectic blepharitis is a tick of the genus Demodex. A feature of this form of blepharitis is the appearance between the eyelashes of scales and gray-colored crusts, redness of the skin of the eyelids and in the area of the eyebrows. The mouths of the glands of the eyelids expand, with pressure on which a thick secret is released (especially plentiful in the morning). Treatment, as a rule, takes 4-6 weeks and consists in the use of antibacterial agents to suppress tick activity (Metronidazole eye gel 1 or 2%, Metronidazole tablets (0.25 g).
Retinal Dystrophy
A very dangerous eye disease in adults, in which the retina is affected.
Etiology
Mostly inherited. But myopia, diabetes, various infections, high blood pressure, heart problems, alcohol, pregnancy, thyroid surgery, and eye injury can also lead to this.
Symptoms
Visual acuity decreases, flies appear in front of the eyes. In the dark, it becomes very difficult to see, it is difficult to distinguish between people and objects, and it also becomes difficult to distinguish colors. If at least one symptom appears, then you should immediately consult an ophthalmologist.
Diagnosis of eye disease
Visual acuity, size of the field are measured, the retina is examined. Reveal concomitant eye diseases.Explore the possibilities of vision in the dark. Hold Uzi.
Treatment
If necessary, carry out laser correction. Thanks to this method, surgical procedures can be dispensed with. After the procedure, vitamins and eye drops are prescribed.
Eye Disease Prevention
Most often, people do not take care of their eyes. Proper prevention of eye diseases will help prevent many problems. A constant load on the organ of vision leads to a rapid decrease in its severity. In some cases, it is impossible to restore eye health.
Just a few rules will help you see better:
- It is worth giving up smoking. Nicotine will increase the chance of glaucoma.
- You should not work more than 2-3 hours a day at the computer.
- When watching TV or reading, you must take a break. Do not overwork your eyes.
- Gymnastics for the eyes will have a positive effect on health.
- Efficient and fortified nutrition is the key to good vision.
- Staying outdoors will help to stay outdoors.
- Eye makeup should be washed off before bedtime.
So you can avoid allergic reactions. Protect your eyes from mechanical damage. Subject to these rules will help maintain vision. Eye health is very important and should not be neglected. It is necessary to determine their causes and prevention of eye diseases in time, and then carry out treatment.