Electric stoves are increasingly becoming part of everyday life of urban residents. This is due to the expanded capabilities of such equipment and the ban on the supply and installation of a gas system in multi-storey buildings. Consider how to properly connect the electric stove.
Types of electric stoves
There are several classifications.
According to the material of execution:
- Enamelled. The heating element in such models can be of two types: pancake (cast iron), spiral. There are combined options for connecting to gas and electricity.
- Glass-ceramic. A heating element in such plates is a spiral, corrugated tape, halogen lamps.
- Induction. They can be attributed to a subspecies of glass-ceramic plates, but instead of a heating element, an electromagnetic coil is integrated.
By design:
- Freestanding. Such equipment may have an oven in its configuration.
- Board. Popularity is due to compactness, mobility. Often, connecting an electric stove of this kind is used in the country. There are models with a built-in oven.
- Recessed. This technique has gained immense popularity due to its ergonomics. The existing range allows you to fit such equipment into any interior. Typically, this technique is divided into a hob and an oven.
By the number of comforts: from one to six.
By intensity of use:
By power consumption:
- low-power (with the ability to connect to a 220 V network);
- powerful (connecting an electric stove with your own hands to 380 V).
By type of management:
As you can see, along with the classic models in our time, you can buy "smart" technology.
Let's consider how each type of household equipment of such a plan works.
Design features. Principle of operation
Each electric stove has its own design features.
Enameled
The heating element is a metal spiral with a high resistivity. The principle of operation is based on the release of thermal energy during the passage of current through a resistive heating element. This is characteristic of both solid (cast-iron) models and spiral models. There is only one difference: in the first embodiment, the heating element is located inside the burner.
Glass-ceramic
The principle of operation is the same as in enameled plates, with the only difference being that the heating element can be not only a classic spiral, but also a corrugated tape, halogen lamps.
Induction
But this technique differs in the principle of work. The heating element is an electromagnetic coil, which, passing a current through itself, creates a field. It, in turn, forms induced high-frequency currents in the dishes. Guidance is due to the lines of force through the bottom of the dishes. Therefore, such stoves need specialized kitchen utensils.
As you can see, the principle of operation of induction models is significantly different from other options. What is the best technique?
Advantages and disadvantages
The connection of the electric stove to the network is inevitable regardless of the type. Consider each option in terms of advantages and disadvantages during operation.
Enameled
They are distinguished by simplicity of design, moderate cost and easy repair at a low price. For washing, ordinary, affordable cleaning products are used. As for the shortcomings, the open spiral is a danger of getting an electric shock at the time of operation; frequent replacement of the spiral is necessary. For cast-iron minus - a long heating and cooling time, respectively, increased energy costs.
Glass-ceramic
The hob has a high thermal conductivity, which allows you to heat the dishes and food much faster than the classic version, and this significantly reduces the cost of electricity. Ability to set precise heating. The heating element is protected by a glass-ceramic coating, which significantly prolongs its life. Surface care is much easier to produce, it has a perfectly flat plane. The price of equipment of such a plan is much higher, more expensive and more difficult to repair, abrasives and cleaning powders are contraindicated for washing, special dishes with a flat smooth bottom are required for cooking. If the model has low sides, then when the food spills, it can leak to the floor.
Induction models
In terms of energy saving, the most advantageous option. The burners begin to heat up only when the pan is on the stove, if you remove it, it automatically shuts off. Otherwise, this type of equipment has the advantages characteristic of glass-ceramic models, but the price for repairs and the equipment itself is much higher. Moreover, another requirement is placed on the dishes - magnetic properties.
When choosing a particular model, you should pay attention to the technical data, find out if it is possible to connect the electric stove to the existing wiring (outlet).
Important characteristics when choosing
When acquiring new equipment, one should rely on a number of technical data:
- Dimensions 3 parameters should be measured: width, depth, height.
- Power consumption. Depending on the manufacturer, model, availability of the oven, it can range from 1.5 kW to 8 kW. It is better to take a class not lower than "A". Such equipment will save on energy consumption. These data are indicated in the passport for the equipment.
- Equipment. Availability of cable and plug from the factory. Most often they are absent.
All other parameters are selected based on personal preferences.
Having decided on the model, they make an audit of the existing electrical wiring. If the power of the equipment does not coincide with the cross-section of the cable, its mandatory replacement will be required.
Connection Terms
Modern stoves have great power, so before you purchase the selected model, you need to evaluate the existing wiring system. Most often, such a technique is sold without plugs and wires, because there are three ways to connect the stove to electric plants. The desired one is selected at the installation site, to which a number of requirements are presented.
Must have in place of the free end of the wire up to 2 meters. This will allow in future to move the equipment for repair work or for mopping under it.
The cable cross-section must correspond to the declared power consumption. Even better if stock is pledged. This is especially true for the intensive use of the stove and oven.
The cable should be solid, without adhesions and connections.
The wiring for the plate is supplied separately, and a separate machine must be provided in the shield.
Regardless of the model, household appliances are often connected through a power outlet. But first, consider what cable is needed to connect the electric stove.
Wire selection
In apartment buildings, a single-phase connection of plates is most often provided, so builders leave the free end of the wire with a cross section of 4 mm 2 . Such parameters are suitable for stoves with a capacity of not more than 13 kW.
If the wiring is not provided, it is outdated, then you should correctly select the wire for connecting the electric stove, which must meet the following parameters.
The wires must be copper only (established by the regulatory document PUE 7.1.34).
The number of cores matters. For apartments, a single-phase connection is most often found, a cable for it is taken three-core (phase L, zero N, ground PE). In private homes, a three-phase, five-core cable (three phases L1 L2 L3, zero N, PE ground) can be provided.
The wire cross section for the 220 V network must be at least 6 square meters. mm, according to SP 31-110-2003 (Clause 9.2). This is an average value, the value can vary in both directions depending on the technical data of the plate itself. For three-phase installation, the cable must be a five-core section of at least 2.5 square meters. mm You can determine the cable cross-section using special calculators or tables.
Cable brand required VVG; VVG-ng; PVA; ShVV. To connect the stove to the network, you can use PVA or KG.
Wire routing must be carried out separately.
Must have a separate machine in the shield. RCD according to regulatory documents can not be set for household appliances. But given that an electric stove is an increased source of danger, it is better to foresee. The machine for single-phase installation is selected with a rated current of 32 A (RCD for 40 A), for three-phase - a three-pole machine for 16 A, RCD for 25 A.
The cable for connecting the electric stove must be laid in a separate line, other points (sockets, lighting) must not be hung on it. The most commonly used covert wiring.
Selection and installation of a power outlet
Having decided which cable is needed to connect the electric stove, choose a power outlet.
It must meet the following requirements:
- the rated current of the socket and plug must correspond to the parameters of the machine and the number of wires of the wire;
- the type of power outlet depends on the method of laying the cable (hidden or open);
- you should buy a product made of quality non-combustible materials.
A number of points for mounting the outlet should be taken into account:
- installation is carried out on a flat non-combustible surface;
- can not be installed near hot surfaces, heating systems, water supply;
- connection of cores must be made according to the scheme, without confusing colors;
- screw clamps must firmly fix the contacts;
- After installation, check for a short circuit.
After installing the outlet, they begin to install the equipment itself.
Installation and connection of an electric stove
After the delivery of equipment, it should be unpacked and checked for completeness, the absence of visible marriage. Before starting work, you should carefully study the instructions and connection diagram. Remove excess components, install by level.
Unscrew the panel covering the terminals on the back of the equipment. Three connection schemes are duplicated there.
As mentioned earlier, it is rare for some manufacturers to supply household models with a wire and a power plug. Therefore, the purchase of a cable and a power outlet with a plug is carried out independently. Let's consider three ways how to make the connection of an electric gas stove with your own hands.
Single phase
With this installation, the phase (red) is connected to terminals L1, L2, L3. Since the wire is three-wire, copper jumpers are installed on the contacts (they are included with the equipment). On N1, N2 set zero (blue) and a copper jumper. RE - earth (green). All contacts are tightened, the cable is fixed with a special clamp. The cover is set back. The socket has 3 contacts: the top one is ground, the two bottom ones are phase and zero.
Three phase
Differs from the previous phase connection. Each terminal has its own wire. Observe the color according to the scheme. Everything else is produced similarly to single-phase.
Biphasic
We put a jumper on the phase L1, L2 and connect one of the ends of the phase, on L3 - the second. The rest of the installation is performed similarly to the previous two.
After installation, you need to make a test run according to the instructions for the technique.
Connecting an electric stove independently will not cause difficulties if you follow the instructions and safety precautions during installation. All work must be performed with a de-energized system.
Features of the installation of some brands
The connection of the Gorenje electric stove can be carried out both according to a single-phase circuit and a three-phase circuit. It all depends on the capabilities of the power grid. All stages of work are described above. The connection of the Hansa electric stove also does not have any features and is carried out according to the general scheme.
It is worth paying special attention to the warranty. Incorrect installation can lead to equipment damage, and this will be the reason for the refusal of the service center to carry out free repairs. Therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to carry out the installation by the hands of a specialist who has a special license for such work. The passport is marked on the connection in case of misunderstanding.
Gas electric stove connection
The design of this technique allows you to use both the mains and the gas. There are two options: with mounting to the gas distribution network and a gas cylinder. You should be aware that for the use of gas equipment in an apartment building in which such a system is not provided, special permission will be required.
Otherwise, two important points can be noted: the connection to the gas distribution network must be performed by a specialist of the gas supplier company, who puts the appropriate mark in the passport. In the future, this organization conducts maintenance of equipment. Installation to the network does not present special requirements. For combined plates, a 16-amp Euro outlet is sufficient.
Conclusion
As you can see, you can independently connect a household electric stove.
But if there is no self-confidence, it is better to contact a specialist. In the future, this will reduce the cost of paid repair of equipment due to improper installation.
So, we found out how to connect the electric (gas) stove with our own hands.