The principle of operation of any transformer is based on the phenomenon of self-induction. A step-down transformer is practically no different from a step-up transformer. It is enough to change the connection method (turn the element over) and a step-up analogue will turn out of the step-down.
In the control circuits, transformers are used to organize galvanic isolation, when a phase and a grounded zero arrive at the input of the device, and a voltage without a grounded neutral appears at the output. This is mainly used to power equipment operating on logic elements.
There are step-down transformers single-phase, two-phase and three-phase. There are autotransformers and current transformers - all of these types are successfully used in different directions of the energy sector.
A transformer is a device consisting of two windings with a lined core, which is recruited from electrical steel. If it is necessary to make the usual galvanic isolation, then these coils must be made with the same number of turns. If you need to make a step-down transformer, then the number of turns will be different.
A voltage is applied to the input of the device (in this case, an electromotive force appears in the winding, which generates a magnetic field). This field crosses the turns of the second coil, where its own electromotive force of self-induction arises. In turn, a voltage also arises in the second coil, which will differ from the primary one as many times as the number of turns of both windings differs.
The calculation of a step-down transformer is necessary to understand what the parameters of the device should be. Due to the fact that the self-induction EMF arises as a result of movement, the transformer operates only on alternating voltage. That is why in the household network - only alternating current.
Today, a variety such as a step-down transformer is mainly used. For most often there is a need to convert high voltage to low. They are used in the field of urban electrification (at substations and power plants). Steam turbines and hydraulic units generate voltage with the expectation of providing energy to a certain area of โโthe city, so it is important to use step-down transformers so that the initial voltage in each of the sections is converted to allowable for domestic needs.
But a step-down transformer is often used at home (for adapting low-voltage devices to a 220-volt network). To this end, they are used in electronics, in power supplies and all kinds of adapters, in stabilizers and other devices.
When buying a transformer, it is important to pay attention to the efficiency, power and number of turns of both windings. There are transformers with several terminals (this means that the device implements several groups of connections and, depending on the magnitude of the input and output values, the desired circuit is formed). These are universal transformers. True, they are a little more expensive, but are in great demand.
There are transformers for welding. Boosting analogues are used here. This is done in order to create the currents necessary for melting the metal. These devices are also selected according to some parameters. The main, as you might guess, is the current strength.