The Russian submarine of project 633 was developed by the Central Design Bureau under the leadership of Z. Deribin. The subsequent activities on its creation were supervised by A. Nazarov and E. V. Krylov. The model belonged to diesel-electric types of submarines, was manufactured by order of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union No. 1454-808 from 08/09/1955. During serial production, several dozen copies were produced, consisting not only of the armament of the Soviet army, but also of other countries of the world.
History of creation
The pilot project 633 of the submarine, the photo of which is given above, was presented in the spring of 1955 in two versions. These options received code names in the Navy base (Project 633 and I-633). For technical implementation, a special commission chose the second option.
The laying of the head copy of the submarine under serial number 331 was carried out at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in Gorky. Launching was carried out at the end of May 1958. Submarine running testing was carried out from October 22 to December 20 of the same year. State tests took place in the next half year in the Black Sea. Later, the submarine received duty number S-350 and was sent to the Northern Fleet for further verification.
According to some reports, it was planned to build at least 500 boats of this series. In reality, only a little more than two dozen cars were built. Export versions were issued in the second half of the 60s of the last century.
Design features
The submarine of project 633 belongs to the two-hull submarines, the dimensions are close to the counterparts of the project 613, and the configuration of the hull to 611. The shape of the skeleton was selected taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of the submarine along the Belomorsky, Baltic and Volga routes without the need for batteries.
The configuration of the submarine is made to ensure optimal seaworthiness during scuba diving. The body itself is made of durable steel by welding, its length is 59.4 meters, the layout includes several cylinders of different diameters. As a protective coating, a material was used that corresponded to the technical documentation of TsKB-112 (1960), type - PL NPPRK-7.
The calculated protection against an average nuclear explosion was:
- In a reinforced hull at a distance of 1.6 kilometers.
- The main ballast tank is up to 1.6 km.
- In the superstructure - 1.0 km (air blast).
Engines
The submarine of project 633 Romeo is equipped with a power plant similar to analogue No. 613 with a pair of propeller shafts. Diesel engines produced by the Kolomensky Zavod have a power of two thousand horsepower and a revolutions per minute of 500. The design of two-stroke units is standard action with a direct-flow valve-type blow-off and a six-cylinder compressorless block.
Blowing the unit provides a pair of rotary blowers. Stable operation of the propulsion unit is guaranteed when there is a wave of water up to four points on board with an intake of up to 400 liters of water (with a minimum estimated speed). The propulsion unit also includes two PG-101 rowing electric motors (1350 “horses”, 420 rpm). Their configuration is units with rotary cores, water-cooled bearings and a pair of anchors. In addition, two economical 50 kW electric motors were used, developing 420 rpm.
Mechanical part
The mechanical block of the Project 633 submarine diesel engine has two low-noise propellers with six blades. The variable pitch of the elements is 1600 mm; they rotate in ring nozzles; they replaced the unsuccessful experimental four-blade predecessors.
The submarine is driven by steering, stern and bow rudders. They are equipped with a hydraulic controller activated from a central station. Spare drive - electric, aggregates with aft horizontal rudders. Control of this unit is possible from the navigation bridge in the superstructure. Here the helm has a mechanical connection with the working mechanism. The power unit consists of 224 batteries, combined in two groups of 112 pieces.
Rescue system and weapons
The submarine of project 633 is equipped with rescue equipment, which includes torpedo tubes. They allowed the crew with special equipment to leave the submarine from a depth of up to 120 meters. Evacuation was carried out through airlock. From depths up to 200 meters, the operation to rescue the team was carried out using a special bell from the aft. The central post and logging also made it possible to evacuate from depths of up to 100 meters with ISP facilities. To extinguish fires on the submarine, an air-foam system such as IDL-52 is provided.
The crew of the project 633 boat consists of 52 people, the number of berths is 55, the average living space in the compartments is 0.8 square meters. m, volume - about 9 cubic meters. Submarine weapons:
- six bow torpedo launchers of caliber 533 mm;
- a pair of similar guns in the stern;
- combat stock - 14 torpedoes;
- firing control - PUTS “Leningrad-633”;
- drive deep torpedoes - manual type.
Technical plan options
Project 633 Submarine Features:
- length / width / draft - 76.6 / 6.7 / 5.07 m;
- displacement under / above water - 1.72 / 1.47 tons;
- fuel weight - 252 t;
- surface / underwater speed to the maximum - 15.3 / 13.8 knots;
- marching range - 14590 miles (maximum over water);
- ultimate immersion depth - 30 m;
- autonomy - 45-60 days.
Among the direction finding equipment and passive protection on the submarine there are GAS “Arktika-M” systems, noise detection “Svet-M”, detection “Flag”, search for mines MG-15. Also included in the package is a radio reconnaissance station, direction finder, radio stations, periscopes of attack and anti-aircraft observation, a hydrological system of all-round visibility.
Modifications
The design of the submarine of project 633 (photo below) is almost identical for several modifications. Among them are:
- Model I-633 (preliminary design developed in 1955).
- Serial base project.
- Experienced submarine from the Central Design Bureau "Lazurit" under the leadership of E. Krylov.
- Modification S-350 (medium special) with increased streamlining of the hull.
Pilot projects differed from their base counterparts by the presence of nine centrifugal pumps, an additional vertical stabilizer, the absence of reserve ammunition, and a maximum immersion depth of up to 100 meters.
In conclusion
Submarines of this type were widely exported to the fraternal countries of the Soviet Union. Submarines of project 633 were in service with the Navy of Egypt, Bulgaria, Algeria, China, Korea, Syria. One of the last modifications in the composition of the domestic fleet is in the southern bay of Sevastopol. The boat showed itself quite decently for that time, both in technical equipment, so in armament and speed parameters. All erected specimens for the Soviet army were withdrawn from the navy until 1987. Chinese designers used the 633 brand as a prototype to create their own submarines.