The problems of philosophy as an integral component of the culture of mankind, above all, concern the world as a whole that can be embraced by the mind. They relate to what being is, how it exists and how it develops. Thinkers try to figure out the mechanism of cognition and answer the question of how understanding itself is possible. No less important is the problem of man - his personality, relationships with other people, public life, history, the spiritual world created by him. At the same time, the formulation of these questions is associated with a certain subjectivity, since a person is an emotional and sensitive being and tries to find the meaning of life that corresponds to his way of perceiving the world.
The problems of philosophy are directly related to the subject of this strange science. They permeate all life, and especially the culture of mankind, both from a theoretical and personal point of view. That is why philosophical thinking, being quite far from the so-called ordinary person, in practice deals with the same difficulties that all people constantly overcome throughout their lives, sometimes without realizing it. After all, this method of worldview is very paradoxical, it can be considered necessary and unnecessary, and life without it is both possible and impossible. With the understanding of this fact, the nucleation of philosophical consciousness proper begins. After all, this science is not a specific system of knowledge that is transmitted from one paradigm to another. It is an internal act of the thinker himself, to a certain extent connected with the internal acts of other people committed to the same.
Setting themselves the various problems of philosophy, its various classics most often expressed their inclination toward a different, transcendental reality, but they could never say for sure whether this other world exists or not, and how much it resembles our everyday reality. Unlike religion, philosophy does not believe, it only asks, admits and justifies. She does not reveal secrets, but is surprised at them, and stops there. This is a completely humanitarian phenomenon, and therefore its truths do not lie in the sphere of exact formulas or experiments, and the methods of the natural or mathematical sciences are, at best, auxiliary to it.
The specificity of philosophical problems is also expressed in such an interesting paradox. This area of culture deals, among other things, with the issues facing the natural sciences, and even uses the same terminology, but if a physicist, when speaking about atoms, means precisely atoms, then the philosopher substantiates his view of the world with the doctrine of atoms and how a person should live in it. Of course, the definition, as the ancients said, of “love of wisdom,” contains many contradictions, and this phenomenon was reflected in the history of philosophy. Therefore, the language of this science is not just a way of communicating and expressing thoughts, but also a fundamental category of being, possibly independent of the person himself.
Honestly, the problem of development in philosophy appears before us not only in understanding how the world around us was formed, arose and came to a modern state, but also in the fact that this branch of human knowledge itself is only a history of philosophy. If we want to learn to think in such a way as to encompass the universe as a whole, then we need to go to a particular thinker and imitate him. But we have the opportunity to use not only the ideas of our contemporaries, but also the whole galaxy of sages who lived before us or live in other countries, because their texts, the words written by them, to some extent reflect the process of their heritage and convey what they they wanted to tell us.
Thus, the problems of philosophy are posed and solved not only in the theoretical formulations of this art of thinking, but also in its history. The thinker and historian of the development of ideas are like two hypostases of the same process: one sets forth his concepts, and the other his own understanding of the theories of other people, and both of them need very serious creative efforts. Yes, and the very acquaintance with the history of philosophy requires determination and courage. After all, this is a special world from which not a single word can be thrown out or the author deleted. The world of ideas and experiences, theoretical constructions and even mystical ecstasy. An amazingly complex, polyphonic and boundless world that is so interesting to learn.