Pleoptic treatment is used in ophthalmology. This section of medicine deals with pathologies of the organs of vision. One of the common pathologies is amblyopia.
This is a pathology of vision, due to functional impairment of the visual analyzer, which cannot be corrected with glasses. In this case, pleoptic treatment is required, which will help to eliminate the existing pathology.
Amblyopia Feature
Amblyopia according to ICD 10 has the code H53.0. This is one of the main causes of unilateral visual impairment. The main sign is a blurry image, blurred eyes, blurred vision. Doctors distinguish primary and secondary amblyopia. The first is formed during the gestation of the child and this occurs as a result of impaired growth of the eyeball. Secondary occurs during various eye pathologies. The reasons largely depend on the disease that provoked visual impairment.
In children, amblyopia develops due to strabismus, since as a result of this, incorrect information arrives in the brain. In addition, the provoking factors include:
- prematurity;
- too little baby weight;
- retinopathy
- cerebral paralysis;
- mental retardation;
- heredity.
Increases the risk of amblyopia, smoking during pregnancy, the use of medications and the consumption of alcohol.
Basically, the disease develops in childhood, which is why it is very important to timely recognize its course and conduct complex treatment.
Pleoptic History
Pleoptic treatment of the organs of vision began to be used for a long time. Even in the middle of the last century, ophthalmologists were interested in the problem of strabismus. For a long time, occlusion of only one eye was used as a therapy. This makes it possible to fully restore vision in children 5-6 years old.
There are many methods of pleoptic treatment using various kinds of stimuli that stimulate the main centers of the poorly seeing eye. For therapy, various devices are used. Similar techniques have many advantages; they can be used to treat very young children.
Indications and contraindications
Pleoptic and orthoptic treatment has certain indications and contraindications, which must be taken into account. In childhood, most vision problems are associated with impaired muscle function. The most effective is the treatment of the eyes with the use of devices, since they train the eye muscles. In addition, vision problems can occur in adulthood and they must be tried to resolve as quickly as possible. Among the main indications of pleoptic treatment, it is necessary to highlight such violations as:
- strabismus;
- amblyopia;
- asthenopia
- presbyopia;
- violation of accommodation;
- retinal defects;
- atrophy of the optic nerve.
Such a technique helps to increase the level of visual acuity, stimulates the muscles of the eye. However, it is worth remembering that such techniques give a good result only at the initial stages of the course of the disease.
Pleoptic treatment also has certain contraindications, which must be taken into account. Contraindications to laser stimulation include:
- systemic blood diseases;
- pregnancy;
- hypertension;
- the presence of tumors;
- acute stage of a heart attack or stroke.
Electrical stimulation also has a number of contraindications. It is not recommended to carry out the procedure in such conditions as:
- eye infections
- epilepsy;
- malignant neoplasms;
- intraocular hemorrhage.
However, the final decision regarding hardware treatment of the eyes is made by the doctor after the diagnosis.
Diagnostics
Before conducting pleoptic treatment, a comprehensive diagnosis of the organs of vision is required. When examining the eyes, the doctor evaluates the condition of the eyelids, palpebral fissure, and also evaluates the pupil's response to light.
Complete information regarding the state of vision is obtained using special ophthalmological tests. Depending on the level of its decline, the degree of pathology is determined.
An examination of the structure of the eye requires ophthalmoscopy, fundus examination, biomicroscopy. To determine the transparency of the refractive medium, the organs of vision are examined in transmitted light. If the medium is opaque, their condition is examined using ultrasound.
In a comprehensive examination, you need to include electroretinography, tonometry. If necessary, consult a neurologist.
Treatment features
Only early and individually selected pleoptic eye treatment gives quite good results. Correction is recommended to be carried out at the age of 6-7 years, since at a much older age it is almost not amenable to therapy.
The success of ophthalmic correction depends largely on the elimination of the underlying cause. Basically, treatment is carried out using conservative techniques. A very good result is laser correction.
After 3 weeks, pleotic eye treatment in children is prescribed, which helps to align vision. For the treatment of amblyopia, active and passive pleoptics are used. Pleoptic treatment courses should be repeated 3-4 times a year.
Laser stimulation
Modern pleoptic treatment of eyes in children and adults implies laser stimulation. With low-intensity radiation, stimulation of the organs of vision occurs. This leads to the normalization of metabolic processes, microcirculation, increased enzyme activity, energy properties of cells.
Pleoptic treatment with an apparatus for laser stimulation of vision implies exposure to red and infrared light. Pulse radiation is often used.
For exposure use the device LAST-1. It has a low-intensity pulsed effect and allows you to create a very special microstructure of alternating dark and light spots. The device "Amblyospel RL-1" is used not only for the treatment of amblyopia. It is also widely used for screening for refractive errors.
Electrical stimulation
Pleoptic treatment of strabismus is carried out by electrical stimulation. For this, a weak electric current is applied that acts on the nervous, sensory or muscle apparatus of the eye. As a result of this, blood circulation, conductivity and restoration of reflexes, metabolic processes are normalized.
When conducting electrical stimulation, visual acuity significantly increases, the field of vision expands, color and light sensitivity increase, and existing symptoms also decrease.
Light stimulation
Pleoptic treatment of eyes in children on the device implies light stimulation. For this, adequate irritants of monochromatic and polychromatic light are used. When exposed directly to the central region of the retina, the function of the entire visual analyzer begins to intensify.
The device ASO-1 is quite widely used. When applied, the rhythmic action of targeted light waves occurs, which are produced by bulbs built into the frame.
The KEM-CT maculostimulator activates all levels of optical perception of the eyes due to special stimulation. The PS-1 device is characterized in that the treatment is carried out with a targeted light flux.
Color stimulation is carried out using the apparatus "Mosaic PS-2". It consists of a kaleidoscope and an album with various colored mosaic drawings. A photostimulator helps train the oculomotor muscles.
Such devices stimulate the organs of vision. In addition, sequential visual images are additionally used. Treatment of patients with such devices causes an increase in visual acuity in 50-60% of cases.
Other treatments
Phosphenostimulation is characterized by the fact that with the help of a special device, the current strength is selected according to individual parameters. The exposure is carried out through the eyelids. To do this, use such devices as "Fosfen-Mini", "Fosfen-1", "Fosfen-2", "AyNUR-03".
When conducting electromagnetic stimulation using an alternating, constant and pulsed field. They have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and decongestant effects. Magnetotherapy helps to increase the speed of blood flow, as well as the size of the capillaries. Due to this, trophic and metabolic processes are normalized, and disturbed functions of the organs of vision are also restored.
The effective method of physiotherapy is vibration stimulation. In this case, a special vibrotherapeutic apparatus is used, which sends mechanical vibrations through the eyelids.
Ortho- and pleoptic treatment is carried out using reflexology. In this case, the balance between the inhibitory and exciting processes of the brain is restored. When performing the procedure, the doctor acts on the acupuncture points. For this, thermal, electromagnetic, electrical effects are applied.
Computer stimulation
With amblyopia, computer-based stimulation techniques are used. Modern devices help strengthen traditional therapy. The computer provides a gradual complication of stimuli acting on various channels and levels of the visual analyzer.
The use of programs contributes to the treatment of amblyopia. There are several different special programs. The EYE Stimulator includes the Tier and Chase exercises. In this case, the main stimulus gradually decreases in size, its color changes, due to which the retina function is activated. Bright flashes of light improve visual fixation, vision.
In the "Crosses" program, the playing field is presented in the form of a chessboard. Its cells change color and gradually decrease. A person finds a cross, and also moves a small circle on the virtual field. Inside it, colors also change. Due to this, stimulation of neurons of the eyes occurs.
The Spider program helps improve retinal activity by examining radial and spiral gratings. The pattern can be blue, black and white, red or green. The Relief program is designed to treat amblyopia. It implies that there is a pattern-stimulation with a sharp drop in shadow and light.
Amblyocor is a whole software package. This starts a vicious circle of biological processes. If visual perception is slightly impaired, the screen will immediately go blank. This technique is based on technology that normalizes the functioning of the visual analyzer.
Drug treatment
To increase the effectiveness of pleoptic techniques, drug treatment should be included in the course of therapy. Doctors recommend the use of drugs that contribute to the normalization of metabolic, neurotransmission, trophic processes. Nootropic drugs have a positive result, in particular, such as Mildronate, Piracetam, and Fezam.
In addition, during the treatment of amblyopia, you need to conduct accommodation training. The occlusion method is important. It implies the temporary exclusion of a healthy eye from the process of vision. For this, various types of occluders are used.
Additionally, you can apply folk remedies and techniques that help increase visual acuity. However, before using them, you must always consult your doctor.
Forecast
Pleoptic treatment receives mostly positive reviews, as this prognosis is good. In the absence of competent comprehensive treatment, amblyopia is constantly progressing, eventually provoking stable and irreversible changes in vision. In this case, even the occurrence of blindness is possible, as well as the inability to focus the eye.
With timely therapy, complete recovery of vision can be achieved, but sometimes more than a year passes from the moment of diagnosis to cure. Moreover, the smaller the patient’s age, the higher his chances of a successful cure. With age, it is becoming increasingly difficult to make the retina function normally. The final forecast in each case depends on many different factors.
Prophylaxis
Prevention of amblyopia implies a regular medical examination of children starting from 1 month of life. If clouding of the crystalline eye, strabismus, ptosis is detected, early elimination of the existing defect is required.
A stable effect during therapy can be achieved only after passing the full course of therapy and strict adherence to the prescriptions of the ophthalmologist. For prevention, regular examination is required.