All cash transactions are periodically audited to verify all values. The check is carried out by the inventory committee of the organization. Its members, in the presence of the responsible person, check the availability of money, receipts for the delivered valuables, checkbooks and forms of strict reporting. Discrepancies revealed during inspections are drawn up by accounting acts. Read more about how the shortage in the cash register is stated, the postings that must be indicated in the balance sheet if it is detected, read on.
Values
The cash desk at the enterprise may contain cash, payment documents, securities and strict reporting forms. Payment documents include not only receipts, but also stamps (postal, bill of exchange and state duties), tickets to sanatoriums, airline tickets and other documents. The strict reporting forms include: receipts, certificates, diplomas, season tickets, tickets, coupons, shipping documents, etc. The cashier is responsible for the preservation of monetary documents.
Inventory
The procedure for the inventory of the cash register is regulated by the "Procedure for maintaining the cash register No. 40", approved by the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, and the Letter of the Central Bank No. 18 of 04.10.93.
The timing of the audit at the enterprise is established by the head and is fixed in the order. The inventory is carried out by a specially created commission, which includes representatives of the administration, chief accountant and cashier.
Before the procedure is a cash report. It includes all the primary documents that should be at the box office. If an inventory reveals unclosed statements (on salary payment), then all unpaid amounts are equal to cash. Separately, the document records the amounts paid.
The cashier is obliged to provide a receipt that by the time the inventory began, the payment documents were handed over to the accounting department, and all cash was capitalized. This must be done so that at the end of the check the cashier does not declare that he has payment documents. The cashier’s report is verified with the information in the cash book and warrant.
To conceal the fact of embezzlement of funds, receipts are often used as documents. But they cannot confirm the expenditure of funds, since they are not compiled in a unified form, do not contain the signature of the recipient, chief accountant and manager. If such documents take place, then it is considered that a shortage was identified during the inventory of the cash register. Posting must be made in the balance sheet at the date of the audit. The chairman of the commission endorses all orders and applies them to the report. This document serves as the basis for carrying out accounting balances.
Features
During the inventory you need to check:
- Did not exceed the cash balance at the cash desk of the established limit;
- targeted use of funds;
- correspondence of the date of the transaction at the cash desk and expense order;
- validity of entries;
- timely return to the account of unpaid salary;
- the correctness of paperwork;
- the presence of the signatures of the director, chief accountant on blank checks;
- the fact of storage of the checkbook outside the cash register;
- legality of transactions within one transaction;
- correct compilation of correspondence of accounts.
Cash recount
The availability of funds at the checkout is confirmed by a leafy recount of cash, securities and monetary documents. The cashier carries out a recount in the presence of members of the commission. Money is calculated on each bill separately starting from the highest denomination. If there is a large number of notes, then an inventory is compiled, which indicates the denomination and number of notes. This document is signed by the commission. If there is a shortage of funds, then a shortage in the cash register has been identified. A posting to the bank using account 50 “Cashier” confirms this fact.
Recalculation of forms
The actual availability of securities forms and reporting documents is carried out according to the names, types and categories of forms. For example, stocks are registered, bearer, interest and ordinary. During the check, the starting and ending numbers of forms, their series and cost are also recorded.
All these monetary documents are registered according to the results of the inventory in the amount of the costs of their acquisition. The rest of the forms is determined on the basis of the data of the cash book or report. If a shortage of forms is detected, a shortage is issued at the cash desk. Accounting entries are made on the accounts of analytical and synthetic accounting. Examples of registration of such operations will be presented below.
Cash shortage: postings
At enterprises, cash accounting is carried out on account 50 “Cashier”, which has three sub-accounts: 50-1 “Cashier of the enterprise”, 50-2 “Cashier of the operational”, 50-3 “Payment documents”. Separately, reporting forms on the off-balance account of the same name 006 are taken into account.
Identified surplus funds are subject to capitalization under non-operating income. The DT50-1 KT91-1 record is made in the control unit.
Lack of cash at the cash desk is reflected by the posting using the account 94 in the DT in the amount of actual expenses. Consider typical wiring:
- DT94 KT006 - lack of forms.
- DT94 KT50-1 (50-3) - lack of money at the checkout.
Posting DT73-2 KT94 reflects the cancellation of shortage to the cashier. Compensation for damage from the employee's salary is reflected in the record DT70 (50) KT73-2.
How, in the absence of the guilty person, is the shortage in the cash register reflected? Postings:
- DT94 KT50-1 - the fact of identifying a lack of funds;
- DT91-2 KT94 - the amount of shortage is included in non-operating expenses.
Reporting
The results of the inventory are reflected in the act in the form No. INV-15. The cashier’s explanations for the violations identified and a management resolution are introduced. The report is prepared in duplicate, signed by the commission and communicated to management. One copy remains in accounting, the second at the cashier.
Checking operating cash registers
For settlements with company employees, operating cash desks are used. The procedure for checking them differs from the above.
The commission in the presence of the cashier records the readings of the counters, which reflect the amount of revenue. Data is verified with the cash register. The difference in the balance of funds at the beginning and end of the day reflects the daily amount of revenue. The numbers in the cash book, on the tape and on the counters must be identical.
Cash recounting is carried out by the coupon method. The resulting balance is verified with the account. Based on the results of the inventory, a cash shortage at the checkout can be detected. The wiring, which in this case is recorded in the balance sheet, looks like this: DT94 KT50-2.
Bank Account Verification
An inventory must be carried out before the submission of annual reports. Since the organization can open accounts in different banks, before checking it is necessary to study in detail all bank agreements, check the legality and expediency of opening an account.
To summarize the movement of funds in non-cash form in the balance sheet, accounts 51 “bank account in rubles” and 52 “Currency accounts” are used. In order to refine the information, you can use sub-accounts 52-1 “Foreign currency account in the Russian Federation” and 52-2 “Foreign currency account”. The rest of the funds are converted into rubles at the official rate twice: at the time of the transaction and during the inventory. In this case, exchange differences appear . Positive values ​​are credited to the financial results for non-operating income. Negative are reflected in the control unit by recording 91-2 50.
Inventory is carried out by reconciling the balance of funds on the balance sheet with the statements. Additionally, the RP and CT revolutions are compared. During the inspection, surplus and shortage at the cash register can be revealed. Postings:
- DT76-2 KT51 - identification of amounts mistakenly credited to a bank account.
- DT51 KT76-2 - receipt of payments.
This is how inventory of cash registers at an enterprise is carried out.