Criminal Procedure Law (SCP), Being a branch of law, it regulates the work of the prosecutor's office, court, and investigative bodies in initiating and investigating criminal cases.
SCP standards regulate interactions between people or groups in the field of legal proceedings, as well as those that arise between state bodies, officials and citizens of the state.
Criminal procedural legislation aims to protect the rights and interests of organizations and citizens who have suffered from various crimes, as well as the individual from unlawful accusation, restriction of her rights or conviction.
Procedural activity is a combination of prosecution, defense and legal proceedings, the functions of which are separated from each other, that is, assigned to different persons. Thus, this activity is based on the equal rights of the parties. This principle is maintained at all stages of the criminal process, starting with the preliminary investigation and ending with the trial.
Thus, the criminal procedural law considers the activities of the bodies of inquiry, interrogator, investigator, prosecutor, court and other participants in criminal proceedings, which includes conducting a preliminary investigation, considering a case in court, passing a sentence and its execution, as well as reviewing decisions to protect rights and interests of persons in order to exclude unlawful restrictions on their freedom. All these measures are aimed at ensuring the proper use of the criminal law .
The tasks of the SCP, enshrined in the Constitution, include: protecting the rights of citizens by the method of a quick investigation of criminal acts, dangerous acts of the insane, rational use of the law, prosecution of perpetrators.
All these tasks are assigned by the state to officials who have the appropriate authority to conduct criminal investigation.
Criminal procedural law implements its tasks in accordance with the procedure established by the Code. So, if there are reasons to initiate criminal cases, appropriate work is carried out, after which all materials are submitted to court for decision.
In addition to officials, the UPD is attended by persons who are involved in the activities of the case in one way or another. In this case, the law obliges them to perform certain actions. The production of these actions is connected with the fulfillment by authorities and participants of the process of their duties and rights. Thus, they are endowed with criminal procedural legal relations.
Despite the fact that each state has its own laws, including criminal procedure law, they all obey certain principles:
1. Opening a criminal case depends on the prosecutor, while the accused is empowered to challenge him in court.
2. The court is the body performing the proceedings, and the preliminary investigation is carried out by the investigator.
The stages of UP are a set of actions that are combined by common tasks and conclusions, which are completed by decision-making by the relevant authorities.
Thus, the subject of criminal procedural law examines the activities of the court, bodies of inquiry and the prosecutor's office, as well as relations with citizens participating in the criminal process and who accompany this activity.
It should be noted that the source of the GPP is the Constitution, which contains its norms and principles: legality, sentencing only by the court, secrecy of telephone conversations, correspondence, mail, as well as respect for the honor and dignity of citizens.