A Gunn diode is a semiconductor that is capable of generating oscillations at various frequencies. Electronics stores sell different types of devices. It is also worth noting that they differ in size. The main parameters of the modifications include current conductivity, voltage, maximum frequency and resistance.
The Gunn diode device is similar to a conventional semiconductor. The standard model consists of a thin layer of arsenide. Also inside the device there is a special gallium environment and contacts. Under the arsenide layer are dopants and electrodes. The manufacturing technology of the Gunn diode at different enterprises may vary.
How does he work?
As mentioned earlier, there are different types of diodes. The principle of operation of the devices is based on the conversion of vibrations. This happens due to a change in the frequency in the circuit. Initially, voltage is applied to the contacts where the arsenide layer is excited. Next, the electrodes are directly involved. In this case, the strength of the magnetic field increases. Optical contacts in the system are necessary to increase the resistance. The process of oscillation generation is carried out in alloying impurities. The increase in the saturation rate in this case depends on the conductivity of the electrodes.
Application of Gunn Diodes
Diodes are actively used in generators of different frequencies. It is also worth noting that they are often installed in controllers. They can also be found in transformers. However, the devices are not suitable for all types of modifications. In order to understand this in more detail, it is necessary to consider the types of diodes.
Types of modifications
To date, case and housing units are distinguished. They differ in conductivity as well as security. It is also worth noting that the separation of modifications is carried out along the length. There are diodes on 20, 50 and 100 microns.
Housing Diodes
The Gunn case semiconductor diode (photo shown below) is suitable for generators of different frequencies. According to experts, the modifications have good conductivity. Devices can be connected via contact modulators. The manufacturing technology of the Gunn diode in different factories may vary. In some cases, channel adapters are used.
It is also worth noting that case diodes have good security. Their working humidity is approximately 55%. In this case, the minimum allowable temperature is -30 degrees. Models are also well suited for capacitor transformers. Due to the presented diodes, a high speed of the electrodes is achieved.
Avalanche open-frame devices
Gunn free-flow avalanche diodes are used, as a rule, for the operation of controllers. The conductivity parameter for many models starts at 30 microns. This ensures a high speed of the electrodes. If we consider the serial Gunn diode, its design is similar to a linear semiconductor. At a voltage of 12 V, the overload indicator for models is at least 55 A.
However, in this case, much depends on the size of the modification. It is also worth considering the type of transistor that is used to connect to the controller. In many cases, devices can be connected through a distributor. In this situation, the resistance is approximately 2 ohms. The saturation rate depends on the amount of dopants. It is worth noting that the modifications are not suitable for contactless controllers. The main problem here lies in the low speed of saturation.
20 micron devices
This diode Gunn is very popular. The principle of his work is based on the generation of oscillations. Models are great for drive-type controllers. It is also worth noting that the modifications are distinguished by good negative resistance at low heat losses. However, they have certain disadvantages.
First of all, experts note a low overload indicator at a voltage of 10 V. Models do not have the best security. The working humidity of the diodes at 20 microns is 40%. Dopants in this case slowly interact with the cathode. The speed of the electrodes depends not only on the conductivity, but also on the resistance.
50 micron modifications
The Gunn diode (designation 50 microns is indicated on the case) is allowed to be used for powerful generators. Modifications can be connected only through transition capacitors. If we consider the Gunn diode 3A716I, then the parameter of the permissible voltage is 15 V. The security of the model in this case depends on the type of lock that is used in the equipment. Conductivity is on average maintained at around 40 microns. Some experts say that the presented semiconductors have not the best conductivity.
However, it is worth noting that the process of oscillation generation is very fast. This ensures a high level of saturation of arsenide. Gallium medium remains active even with increasing temperature. It is especially important to note that modifications on 50 microns are suitable for code controllers. For connection, transit blocks are used. In this case, the conductivity is provided at a level of 45 microns. In this case, the maximum resistance of the diodes is 2 ohms. They provide excellent security, the speed of the electrodes is maintained at a high level. If we talk about the shortcomings of such systems, it is important to note that they have a low saturation rate. This is largely due to the presence of impurities in the gallium medium.
You can also mention that the contacts often overheat, the process of oscillation generation can be greatly slowed down. Transient filters can be used to solve the presented problem. First of all, they increase negative resistance. They also have a good effect on the conductivity of the electrodes.
The difference between devices at 100 microns
Among closed models, this Gunn diode is often found. The principle of operation of modifications is based on the conversion of vibrations. For this, the lower layer of arsenide is used. If we consider a conventional Gunn diode, its design is similar to a linear semiconductor. Optical contacts play the role of conductors.
If we talk about the use of modifications, it is worth noting that the diodes at 100 microns are well suited for code controllers. They are able to operate at a voltage of 13 V. At this time, the current overload indicator should not fall below 40 A. The negative resistance in the system depends only on the speed of oscillation generation. It is also worth noting that diodes per 100 microns are often used for drive controllers.
Modifications for 10 GHz Generators
Closed type diodes are suitable for 10 GHz oscillators. The length of the modification does not matter. Directly connecting the device through a conventional transition capacitor. Field analogs with a high negative resistance parameter are also suitable. Modifications for generators at 10 GHz must work at a voltage of at least 10 V.
It is also worth noting that you can not connect modifications through a conventional wired contactor. First of all, it reduces the conductivity of the device. This decreases the speed of the electrodes. Optical contactors are great for these purposes. They absolutely do not affect the coefficient of thermal conductivity. On average, the negative resistance is maintained at 4 ohms.
15 GHz Generator Devices
For generators at 15 GHz, only closed-type diodes are allowed. As a rule, modifications are connected via cantilever capacitors with a conductivity of 4 microns. In some cases, conventional contactors are used. However, they should work at a voltage of 10 V. With security, the generators are fine. The optical contacts of the diodes are excited quite quickly. Experts also point to the high speed of the electrodes. This is largely due to high conductivity. The saturation rate is regulated by the connector. If we talk about the cons, it is worth considering the small threshold of the operating temperature. Permissible humidity is 55%.
The layer of modification charges depends on the speed of the oscillation generation process. In some cases, the diodes are connected via open transistors. In this case, the mesh filters are used in the circuit. As a result, the conductivity at the limit is 40 microns. At a voltage of 12 V, the generator with diodes should give an overload of at least 5 A. When the speed of the electrodes decreases, the contactor changes. Also, problems may lie in the transistor. Low conductivity modifications are not able to maintain a constant pulse in the system.
20 GHz Diodes
For generators at 20 GHz, open and closed type diodes are used. In this case, the selected capacitor plays an important role. As a rule, modifications with an output voltage of 30 V are used. However, it is worth remembering the negative resistance. When this parameter is underestimated, the speed of the electrodes decreases significantly. There are also problems with conductivity and heat loss.
The overload parameter of the generators basically does not fall below 5 N. Modifications have very good security. In this case, the saturation of alloying impurities depends on the output resistance. Drive adapters are used to connect through the connector. In many cases, transceivers are used. To maintain a stable voltage, stabilizers are installed. However, it is important to note that diodes significantly lose conductivity when using switching transceivers.
Models for operational resonators
Operational resonators need fast oscillation generation. Diodes of this type are well suited for these purposes. When installing a modification, it is first of all necessary to take up the measurement of negative resistance. Also, do not forget about the conductivity of the optical contacts, on which the speed of the electrodes depends. To increase the potential of the device, it is recommended to use capacitive transceivers.
The voltage parameter in this situation at the limit will reach 30 V. The overload of the diode depends solely on the conductivity of the capacitor. It is also worth noting that when installing the modification it is worth using filters on the plates. First of all, they solve the problems of security of the gallium environment. They also have a positive effect on dopants.
Diodes in pulse cavities
Specifically for pulsed resonators, diodes of 20 and 50 microns are suitable. When connecting devices, code adapters are used. In some cases, connectors are used. The conductivity of the modifications depends on the rate of saturation and the level of negative resistance. If we consider a circuit with a drive controller, its voltage at the limit is 40 V. Security is maintained at a high level. The disadvantage of such a system is low conductivity at a low frequency, and the overload is only 4 A.
The saturation rate is maintained at a high level, but this is achieved by significant heat loss. If we consider the field-effect transistor circuit , then two filters are used there. Directly Gunn diode fits 20 microns. It must be installed behind the adapter. In this case, the voltage at the limit is approximately 10 V with a negative resistance of 4 ohms.
Use of devices in drive controllers
For drive controllers, a 100 micron Gunn diode is suitable. Modifications are connected, as a rule, through triodes. These devices have good conductivity and are able to work with line filters. They are not afraid of heat losses, and the voltage is maintained at 30 V. The models provide good security and high speed electrodes. Some experts also actively use diodes in circuits with comparators, which are connected through two adapters. Regulators for such systems are of linear type.
Models for frequency controllers
In order to ensure the normal operation of the frequency controllers, only a closed type Gunn diode can be used. The length of the modification can be 20 or 50 microns. In this case, much depends on the conductivity of the controller itself.
If we consider the circuit on the field capacitor, then there the negative resistance at the peak is 4 ohms. At a voltage of 10 V, the device operates stably and shows a high electron velocity. Saturation depends on the protection of the transient contacts. Also, when connecting diodes, it is important to pay attention to the conductivity inside the circuit between the guides.
Diodes in Latitude Controllers
For latitudinal controllers, modifications to 50 microns are suitable. You can connect devices through the transceiver. However, the adapters are selected for two contacts. In this situation, conductivity of 55 microns is ensured at a voltage of 12 V. When connecting a modification, it is important to evaluate the negative resistance. Attention is also paid to the contactor on the winding. The maximum permissible circuit overload is 3 Nu. To increase the security of the modification, only relay filters are used. When the controller is turned on, the output voltage threshold should not exceed 15 V.