The developmental furnace is a great design that many people have come to love. All due to the fact that the cost of the unit is low, it is easy to get fuel, and again it is cheap. Some people still don’t know what the term “mining” means. Now let's figure it out.
What is mining?
Waste is a low-cost fuel that can be used for the operation of special furnaces. The used oil can be motor, industrial, transmission, it can be found in large volumes at different service stations or even at motor transport enterprises. It’s easy to dispose of such a product, but isn’t it better to reuse it? This will help you work out the stove. If you apply the oil repeatedly, then you can save a lot of money. In addition, the heat transfer from the used oil is large and equates to a full electric heater of 15 kW. The question then arises of what kind of stove the fuel consumption for working off gives. At the same time, expenses are small - up to a couple of liters per hour.
Why are such stoves popular?
The developmental stove is in great demand due to the fact that the fuel is cheap, it is not difficult to create a unit, it will come out very budget. Many skilled craftsmen create such devices at home as an experiment and install them in garages so that you can repair the car in warmth and comfort. In addition, many people adapted and made a profitable business out of stoves: they are usually cold in garages, a heater is an expensive pleasure, because car owners are looking for low-cost options, and here the stove comes to the rescue. A good device will be inexpensive and profitable for owners of garages, because they buy them for themselves, especially those who do not want to make them on their own.
How does the device work?
Interested in how to make a stove at workout? Then you should know in advance its principle of action. The process consists in splitting fuel with heavy impurities (it has an extremely complex composition). This action is also called pyrolysis, during which oxygen deficiency is observed and combustion will not be of the fuel itself, but of its vapor.
This process is not easy to start, it will be necessary to evaporate the oil, and then heat the steam to a temperature of about 300-400 degrees Celsius, and after burning it will be carried out on an arbitrary basis, you only need to wait for the oil to burn.
What are the benefits of using used oil?
Any stove for oil processing applies the principle of direct heating of air, as a result of this application it is possible to heat workshops, garages, greenhouses. Often, such units are used in car services, because it is profitable, they do not need to look for fuel, because it is always at hand and in large quantities.
The advantages of this method are as follows:
- it is simple to use the stove, there will be no difficulties;
- when burning fuel there is no soot and burning, which means that the room will not need to be ventilated;
- the unit is fireproof, because the oil does not burn, only its vapors are burned.
It would seem that so many advantages, you can already start creating an aggregate, but do not rush. Before you make a stove for practice with your own hands, it is worthwhile to additionally learn about the disadvantages of this unit.
What are the disadvantages of stoves that use oil?
The following disadvantages are worth mentioning:
- Unrefined waste oil, which is supplied by technical services, is not suitable for boilers, because such a product contains water, alcohol, and impurities in large quantities. The use of such oil will cause the boiler filter to clog quickly, which is unsafe and can cause an explosion. Therefore, for boilers, the oil will need to be pre-cleaned, filtered, and it is impossible to do such procedures at home. Therefore, most often they buy it for boilers, and the cost of such a product is approximately twelve rubles per liter.
- All state motor transport enterprises, and any car service, are required to enter into contracts with companies that are engaged in the disposal of used oil. In other words, car services pay money to get rid of spent fuel, and they will not give oil to everyone.
- The used oil must not be kept in the cold. On the street, it will quickly freeze, which means it needs to be stored in a warm, heated room or bury a barrel to the depth of freezing of the soil.
What types of stoves are there?
Now the most popular are pyrolysis furnaces and turbo-burners. What is the difference between these devices? A self-made pyrolysis furnace at working out, uses the used oil in the work, which is heated when there is a lack of oxygen in the first chamber, where the oil is decomposed. Decomposition products begin to burn in the second chamber, where there is already enough oxygen and a huge amount of heat is released. The process temperature can be controlled: decrease or increase by supplying air to the pyrolysis chamber. Such a furnace has a drawback - it needs regular cleaning, because the mass of fractions accumulates in the chamber, in addition, there is no way to maintain the temperature at a constant level in automatic mode.
As for turbo burners, they operate on the principle of diesel engines. Oil enters the chamber, the fumes begin to burn. These units have several drawbacks: the unit is characterized by high sensitivity to fuel quality and it will be necessary to heat the oil before serving.
Do not know how to make a stove at workout? Then you should also know in advance that the design of the units are divided into the following types: created from a gas cylinder, designs with a drip oil supply and blowing units.
We create the unit from a gas cylinder
It is easy to make the device from a carbon, oxygen or gas cylinder. The cylinders have a very good wall thickness, so the resulting unit will serve you for more than one year. One device will be able to heat the room up to ninety square meters. In addition, the design can also be converted for water heating. It is worth noting that the apparatus does not require a forced supply of oxygen, and the oil will flow independently. If you do not want the cylinder to heat up to dangerous temperatures, you will need to set the height of the structure contour in accordance with the height of the combustion source inside the device.
It is simple to create a furnace for working out of a gas cylinder, however, it will be necessary to prepare the following materials:
- pipes for the burner;
- Bulgarian;
- file;
- chimney pipes (diameter not less than 10 centimeters, wall thickness - not more than 2 millimeters, and length - not less than 4 meters);
- level, tape measure;
- welding machine, electrodes necessary for operation;
- drill, set of drills;
- steel corners;
- tank for fuel, its volume should be 8-15 liters.
Now you can start creating the design. First, take a seamless cylinder of fifty liters, its thickness should be up to one and a half centimeters. If the walls are too thick, the structure will not be able to warm up sufficiently from the inside and the oil vapor will not evaporate. The boiling point of the oil in this case is three hundred degrees Celsius, and in the chamber it will be above six hundred degrees Celsius. Next, you will need to eliminate the unpleasant odor of the odorant in the bottle. For this purpose, it is necessary to drain the condensate, rinse a couple of times with water, and then fill the cylinder to the top with water, put it vertically in a special pan or bury it for a stable position.
With a grinder, cut off the upper part of the structure, after the first cut, the liquid will drain into the pallet or to the ground. After the water drains, you can continue to cut off the top. Most of the bottom will be used in the form of a camera, and a cut off top with a valve will become a cover.
Weld steel corners to the bottom of the container by welding, these will be the “legs” for the furnace. Then put the balloon on the “legs”. In the upper area from the sawn part, back off from above 10-15 centimeters and weld a hole for the exhaust pipe along the diameter of the latter.
For hoods, select a thin-walled chimney pipe with a diameter of at least 10 centimeters and a length of at least 4 meters. Insert the hood into the created hole, hold it vertically and carefully weld it. In the chimney, you will need to make a hole and cover it with a plate so that you can control the air supply inside.
Farther away from the place of welding, step back 10 centimeters, make a small hole with a welding machine (the diameter should be a couple of millimeters). Stand back 5 millimeters and make another hole, so you need to make 10 more of the same holes, and the latter should be at a height of 50 centimeters from the weld point.
In the same pipe at a height of about a meter, make a hole for the second pipe, the diameter of which should be 5-8 centimeters, its length should be 2-4 meters. Insert the pipe parallel to the floor and brew.
Cut a hole in the cut off upper area of the cylinder, the diameter of which will be 5-8 centimeters, and fuel will be poured there. That’s all, the cylinder working stove is ready for operation!
How is the operation of a furnace created from a cylinder?
The used oil is poured into two-thirds of the container, then you need to set fire to the paper sheet, put it on top of the oil and close the lid. After some time, the temperature inside the unit will begin to rise, the oil will evaporate, spontaneous combustion of vapors will occur.
Do not forget: it is forbidden to add oil to the existing furnace, it is also forbidden to use kerosene and gasoline in the form of fuel.
After the stove has worked and completely cooled, it will need to be cleaned of the contents inside.
Drip type stove
A drip type working stove is created simply, because many craftsmen made a good home business on this. Among consumers, this type of unit is in great demand, and all due to the fact that the devices are safe and economical. Oil for heating is supplied in small doses, the consumption is negligible, which means that there is a saving.
The main advantage is that the do-it- yourself drip-type stove is created quite easily. The unit can be made by yourself for personal purposes, because it is an effective means of heating. In the form of fuel, transmission, engine oil can be used. There is a special regulator in the design for changing the temperature of the furnace. At the same time, the oil tank is always at a certain distance from the structure itself, and this suggests that heating of the fuel can be easily avoided. The main advantage of such devices is that the oil burns out completely inside them. This is due to the fact that the oil, when it enters a red-hot sump, begins to instantly heat up, evaporates and burns out. Cleaning this unit is easy. The stove ignites easily and stops its operation just as easily, the operations are all safe.
For the production of a do-it-yourself stove, you will need to prepare the following materials:
- Fifty liters full propane tank used.
- A four-millimeter steel sheet of approximately 0.5 square meters, from which the bottom of the upper chamber will be created, caps for the pallet.
- A two-meter steel pipe whose diameter is one hundred millimeters. It is necessary to create a burner, heat exchanger housing and the chimney itself.
- A couple of quality clamps.
- A hose designed to supply fuel.
- Door hinges.
- A used freon bottle that has a working needle valve. A tank for fuel reserve will be made from it.
- Cast iron brake disc, which should fit in diameter into a cylinder.
- A steel corner of fifty millimeters in diameter, the length of which is a little more than a meter. From it will be created stand, internal parts, door handles.
- A half inch valve that will shut off the oil supply.
- Half-inch water pipe for supplying oil to the stove.
How is a drip stove created for working out with your own hands? First you need to prepare the container. Drill a hole in the bottom. Next, fill the bottle with water, which will merge on its own. Do all the manipulations on the street. After the water is drained, make a couple of holes: one in the upper part for the combustion chamber with a heat exchanger, and the second in the lower area for the pan and burner. The distance between the openings should be approximately 50 millimeters. At this stage, it will be necessary to foresee the presence of a side in the upper zone. Rinse the bottle again.
The bottom of the chamber will be created from a steel sheet, the thickness of which is 4 millimeters. First, drill a pair of holes 3-4 mm in diameter, place them as close to the edges as possible. The bottom will need to be installed so that the holes are equally spaced from the door.
The burner is a pipe whose length is 200 millimeters. Drill a lot of holes in random order, this is necessary for air supply. Strip the burrs, then weld the burner to the bottom of the upper chamber, the finished structure is placed inside the cylinder.
Now we create the oil pan from the cast-iron brake disc; it is characterized by high heat resistance. The main purpose of the pan is that the oil, when ingested, must be heated and evaporated.
Weld the bottom to the lower chamber, install a cover on top where you need to make an air opening, and also install the burner counterpart. The opening must be large so that oil can get into the sump. Next, you need to make a coupling to connect the burner and the pan. For the coupling, use a piece of 100 mm pipe, which you need to cut along. The water pipe will need to be welded into the furnace body and cut so that the oil gets into the pan, install a valve for emergency shut-off of the oil supply and a special hose from the outside.
For the chimney, use the same 100 mm pipe, weld it in the center of the top of the cylinder. The drip stove at the working out also requires a heat exchanger. If you want to heat a house with such an aggregate, where there are traditional water batteries, then it is better to place a couple of coils in the heat exchanger of the furnace. Connect the circulation pump to the coils.
If you intend to create an air heat exchanger, place it between the burner and the chimney so that it heats well. For stable combustion and complete combustion of the oil, it is required to weld a metal plate to the heat exchanger, as well as an air swirl.
A container for storing fuel stock is created from an empty freon cylinder. The most useful part of this tank is the needle valve, it will regulate the fuel supply.
Now let's take care of the doors. There should be a hole in the bottom door of the structure for free air into the oven and to the pallet. The second door is needed for better tightness, and in the opening provide thrust plates.
Install a lock on the top door to securely close it.
Precautionary measures
You can install the stove at workout in a garage or any other room, the main thing is to adhere to certain precautions:
- Do not put the structure on a draft;
- water should not get into the oil, otherwise it may splash out through the hole in the pipe;
- the chimney must be airtight;
- use technical oil for fuel;
- Do not place the oven near flammable objects;
- Free space around the oven must be required.