The phrase "artificial intelligence" in our time in most people is associated with humanoid robots. In fact, this term should be understood in a broader sense. There are at least two basic interpretations of AI. The first implies artificial intelligence as the name for the entire scientific direction of this field. The second has a narrower definition and designates specific systems / objects, for the creation of which the above scientific studies are carried out.
At present, it can be stated that artificial intelligence in one form or another is integrating more and more deeply into many areas of human activity. These are peaceful, military, as well as numerous research areas where an objective and impartial approach is needed. AI provides tremendous opportunities to perform many complex tasks, it is able to make calculations much faster than any person and, in addition, can be used in conditions and places unsuitable for life.
The advent of artificial intelligence
The first intellectual system is considered a computing program, demonstrated to the public in 1956. Its purpose was to prove complex mathematical theorems, and at one time Logic-Theorist did an excellent job of solving the tasks. In the future, scientists have developed many new, much more advanced computer systems based on it.
In the form of a separate area of computer science, artificial intelligence began to be positioned somewhat later than this event - only in the seventies of the last century. Now this area of science is still one of the youngest.
We can distinguish the main areas of application of artificial intelligence:
- Planning and scheduling various
An example is one of NASA’s stand-alone systems integrated into a spacecraft. Being at a great distance from our planet, this program independently makes up the procedure for performing daily operations for the ship. All this is done taking into account the surrounding changes, the state of the spacecraft and the priority objectives of its being in orbit.
- Solving complex problems, understanding natural language
Here, as an example, you can cite various programs for solving crosswords. Despite the fact that the way of “thinking” of artificial intelligence is strikingly different from ours, they almost always give the correct result. Moreover, AI systems are much better than any average crossword puzzle enthusiast. The effect is achieved through statistical analysis and the availability of numerous databases that are used in the process of comparison and selection of the right solution.
This area of application began to develop along with the invention of the famous Deep Blue machine. She became famous for beating one of the greatest chess players of all time - Garry Kasparov. Chess itself is a good basis for the development of AI, as it is considered a rather complex game: there is enormous scope for building tactics of behavior.
Such an area of application of AI as diagnostics has long been used by doctors. Where the infallibility of calculations can play a decisive role for the patient, any system should work at the level of a whole council of experienced doctors. In many cases, the way it is: the accuracy of the diagnosis made by the machine often surpasses that even of leading specialist doctors. Most modern clinics are equipped with such diagnostic programs and actively use them in their activities.
An interesting example in this case is an experiment with machines that one of the American universities conducted. With the help of the installed computer vision system, cars were oriented and moved along the roads of the country without human intervention: they independently calculated the route and chose the safest route. Interestingly, in the entire history of the experiment, not a single accident was recorded due to the fault of AI.
This area of application often serves as a source of inspiration for cinema. In fact, the construction of intelligent robots is one of the priority goals of the study of artificial intelligence. To date, we still do not have sufficient knowledge and resources to fully implement the above objectives. But assistant robots, for example, have long been used by physicians during dangerous surgical operations.
Computer Graphics Applications
Under the phrase "computer graphics" can hide any of the many areas of activity where the computer is used as a tool: both the creation, processing and synthesis of various images, as well as working with any ready-made information received from outside. First of all, these are some of the most important areas, such as:
- Scientific and business applications
This should include the construction of graphs, reports, spreadsheets and summaries - more precisely, their visualization. Such visual presentation of information helps to accelerate and streamline the assimilation of the results.
- Construction of engineering structures
Architects, designers and inventors can not do without the preliminary creation of various schemes. And if before everything was drawn on paper, then with the advent of information technology the task was simplified: now you can design structures directly on a computer.
The popularity of advertising pushed the development of the corresponding direction of computer graphics. Almost all the videos and presentations that are shown to us on television are created using computers and complex programs that support the transmission of illumination, the construction of three-dimensional objects and other functions necessary to create a realistic picture.
The last area of application is a kind of painting, only converted to digital format. All artistic means, such as brushes, paints and ink, are replaced by virtual devices, which gives a real, unprecedented freedom for creativity. With the intensive development of this sphere, a new generation of artists has appeared who prefer to create not on real, but on virtual canvas.