With the help of the eyes, a person, especially in the modern world, receives an impressive amount of information. Most of the brain is dedicated to vision rather than hearing, taste, touch and smell combined.
The operation of the visual system can be summarized as follows: the light enters the pupil and focuses on the retina in the back of the eye. The retina converts the light signal into electrical impulses. The optic nerve then carries the impulses to the brain, where the signals are processed.
Auxiliary elements of the eye
Other structures, such as the eyelids, eyelashes and lacrimal canals, are of considerable importance. Eyelashes protect our eyes from dust, if we need to see what is happening around us. That is, if you cross the street and a wind with dust blew into your face, your eyes are closed on the machine, the cilia are intertwined, forming a transparent, but impervious to dust network. The eyelids prevent larger objects from getting into the eyes, and also moisturize the cornea. The lacrimal channels work similarly to the pump. They bring tears to cleanse the eyes, and small particles either go outside with the tear, or go back into the lacrimal canals, after which they also come out.
Eye structure
The eye is an organ, part of a visual analyzer that provides vision, that is, the process of perceiving the shapes, sizes and colors of objects. And also he provides our orientation among these all objects. The visual analyzer itself includes the eye, the optic nerve, the subcortical center of the brain and the visual zone of the cerebral cortex.
The free movements of the eyeball are provided by the oculomotor external muscles, the precise and coordinated work of which allows us to see the world around us.
Eye as an optical system
The eye is a complex optical system. The action of the cornea, lens, retina and vitreous body forming the eye is similar to the action of a collecting lens. The property of the lens to change its bulge allows the eye to clearly see both distant and close objects. The retina serves as a screen, that is, perceives light excitation. The main condition for clear vision is the need for the image to be obtained on the retina. Hyperopia is a feature of the eye, consisting in the fact that images of distant objects are focused behind the retina. It is corrected by wearing glasses with a convex lens. The lens of the myopic eye focuses light rays closer to the retina. Myopia is corrected by wearing glasses with concave lenses.
The most highly refractive structure of the eye is the cornea. On the retina appears a clear, reduced and upside down real image of the object.
The final analysis and perception of the information received by the eye takes place already in our brain, in the cortex of its occipital lobes. Violation in the condition or blood supply of any structural element of the eye can adversely affect the quality of vision.
Impaired vision
As with any part of the body, vision problems can occur due to illness, injury, or age. The following are just some of the conditions that may affect the eyes.
- Amblyopia often begins in childhood. One eye does not develop properly, because the other, more powerful, dominates.
- Astigmatism. The cornea or lens is not properly bent, so the light does not focus properly on the retina.
- Cataracts are a clouding of the lens. It leads to blurry vision and, if untreated, to blindness.
- Color blindness occurs when cone cells are missing or malfunctioning. Color blind people find it difficult to distinguish certain colors.
- Conjunctivitis is a common conjunctival infection that covers the front of the eyeball.
- Retinal detachment is a condition where the retina weakens and this requires urgent treatment.
- Diplopia, or double vision, can be caused by several conditions that are often serious and should be checked by your doctor as soon as possible.
- Floating spots are spots that drift through a person’s field of vision. They are normal, but can also be a sign of something more serious, such as retinal detachment.
- Glaucoma. Pressure builds up inside the eye and can damage the optic nerve, which can ultimately lead to loss of vision.
- Myopia, otherwise myopia. With such a violation, it is difficult to see things that are far away.
- Farsightedness. With it, a person can distinguish between objects located far away, but faces problems when the eye cannot focus on nearby objects.
- Optic neuritis.
- Strabismus. Eyes point in different directions; this is especially common among children.
In the article we will examine in more detail myopia (myopia).
Vision Indications
From childhood, when we came to an appointment with an optometrist, we were accustomed to a percentage scale that indicates the severity of the optical sight:
- 100% excellent
- 90-75% is good,
- 74-60% - satisfactory,
- less than 60% is bad.
Such an interpretation is more understandable to patients, but does not carry specific information for specialists. Today, a different, additional scale has been developed, indicating the power of diopters, which should correct a certain sharpness.
Conventionally, ophthalmic health indicators can be divided into several categories:
- 1 - excellent;
- 1.5-2 - good;
- 2–4 satisfactory;
- 4-7 - bad;
- more than 7 is very bad.
The presented scale can be adjusted depending on the specifics of the disease. If you make an appointment with an ophthalmologist, they will tell you which field is more suitable for you - “+” or “-”, and, accordingly, they will prescribe the correct treatment. Today we will talk about what to do if vision is minus 8. Is it dangerous for health, is it necessary to treat it and what needs to be done? If your personal medical card says: “Vision 8”, what should I do? In simple and more understandable language, the patient does not see what is happening after 10 meters, but is clearly aware of what is happening directly at arm's length. Looking at the above categories, we say with confidence that the patient has very big problems and it is simply impossible to do without surgical intervention, prolonged medical treatment and constant hospital support.
The diagnosis of myopia
Let's look at the situation if vision is 8: what does this diagnosis mean. To begin with, 8 (+8) indicates the presence of obvious symptoms of myopia. The causes of the disease can be very diverse: head injuries, cardiac abnormalities, endocrine system malfunctions, genetic predisposition, work with intense concentration of vision on small text, details, constant exposure from gadget screens, etc. Since 8 diopters is the number , which falls into the third category of myopia (high myopia), then treating the disease with the usual methods is useless.
Vision 8: how does a person see?
With this vision, human activity is sharply limited. If you do not use glasses and lenses, you may encounter great discomfort in everyday life.
On the street, it is difficult for people with such vision to distinguish people's faces; they may not even recognize their relatives. Traffic signs are indistinguishable, which can be life threatening. Inscriptions, any signs, house numbers, street names - everything that contains alphanumeric characters is, in principle, indistinguishable for such poor vision. They are stratified, superimposed on each other, and the person cannot read, not for him, the message of the text is a blurry, merged, uniform spot. It is known that in good daylight we see much better than at dusk.
And how does a person see with vision minus 8 at night? No matter how it sounds, but without auxiliary means that increase visual acuity, it is better not to go out at all. You may not even notice large objects, since without lighting their contours merge together. Such a person may crash into another pedestrian, not notice a cyclist, stumble over something on the ground, etc. With all this, posture also worsens. This is especially common among schoolchildren and students, as well as among people whose work is related to writing. After all, if you don’t wear glasses or lenses, in order to better see what you are writing or reading, you constantly bend over, stoop, and all this becomes chronic.
So, if vision is minus 8, as a person sees, what to do and how to deal with it?
3rd degree myopia treatment technique
In no case can one deal with the 3rd degree of myopia in the same way as with the first. Some unscrupulous ophthalmologists say that the nature of the disease is the same and it is only appropriate to increase the intensity of recovery measures. But this is not so. In such cases, it is proposed to resort to laser surgery.
Eyelids are fixed to the patient so that during the operation they do not block access to the main structures, a local anesthetic is dripped into the eyes. Then, with a special tool, the robot (as extreme accuracy is needed here) cuts the cornea. The attending physician with a special needle pushes the cornea, but does not tear it off, dries the fluid that remains under the cornea. All these manipulations are performed so that the laser beam acts directly on the lens, changing its curvature. When with the laser all the actions are completed, a special physiological solution is poured into the place under the cornea again, the cornea returns to the place.
During the entire operation, the patient is conscious, it is very important. After all, a rehabilitation course is needed, including restrictions on reading time, lack of physical activity, excessive mental work, and more. This period can last from a few days to a week. As a result, normal (100%), or zero, vision returns to a person.
On the other hand, laser correction is contraindicated for a huge number of people, because this type of operation has a huge impact on the whole body, especially on the cardiovascular system. Also, it is not prescribed for children under the age of 18, for women who have never given birth, or for pregnant women. Then the doctor may recommend you another type of surgical intervention that will bring the same effectiveness. No matter how strange it may sound, but gymnastics for the eyes and a special restorative massage can be your lifesaver in solving this issue. You can do gymnastics with a specialist, as well as elementary at home. Undoubtedly, this method of getting rid of the disease will be longer and requires constant systematic efforts, but the severity will increase in a few weeks.
Eyewear 8
Points can be assigned even at minus 1. Then which of them are assigned for poorer vision? Glasses vary in thickness. The worse your vision, the thicker the lens should be in them.
Good choices for eyeglass lenses for nearsightedness include high index lenses with anti-reflective coating. In addition, consider photochromic lenses to protect your eyes from ultraviolet and high-energy blue light and reduce the need for a separate pair of sunglasses outdoors. If you are nearsighted, the first number (“sphere”) on your prescription for glasses or contact lenses will be preceded by a minus sign (-). The higher the number, the more myopic you are.
Lenses are always made to order, after the doctor writes out the appointment. In no case should you thinklessly take and wear glasses that are not suitable for you. As a result of improper wearing, vision will not only not improve, but may fall significantly lower. There may also be frequent headaches, loss of strength, and a general decrease in mental ability. Poor vision in a child of 8 years may be treated. To prevent a decrease in visual acuity, it is recommended to spend more time in the fresh air and to engage yourself and children with outdoor games.
Such tricks, especially in the modern world, where a person practically does not move his eyes because of work and games at the computer, smartphone and other things, will help to keep the eye muscles in good shape and prevent visual acuity from 0 to 8. If your child has For 8 years, poor eyesight, then consult a doctor immediately, and he will prescribe the right treatment, if possible, because in childhood you can fix an unwanted disorder faster and more efficiently, so that by the age of a person you are already healthy.
Age recovery
With age, the eye changes its structure, and more than 90% of people become farsighted by the age of 40-50. But what if you had myopia and vision 8? There is a small chance that your vision will gradually improve, since in essence farsightedness is the opposite of myopia. Visual acuity will tend to 100%, but nevertheless, such age-related changes will not be enough if you had a high degree of myopia.