Accepting the values, the buyer should carefully inspect them for defects, packaging damage and other inconsistencies. If there are any deviations, then the return of goods to the supplier is processed. Postings in each case will be different. Read more about the features of this operation below.
Legislation
According to Art. 421 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the supplier can return to the buyer not only spoiled, but also good quality goods. The reason may be the lack of demand. Such an operation is a reverse implementation. The return of expired goods is carried out as part of the supply contract. The grounds may be:
- Lack of documents.
- The receipt of a smaller quantity or other assortment of goods (Art. 466, Art. 468).
- Poor quality of values (art. 475).
- Lack of packaging (Art. 482).
At the time of transfer of goods, the buyer receives ownership of them. He may refuse values for the above reasons. In case of discrepancies, the buyer must draw up an “Act of return of goods to the supplier”, indicate the claim in it and send it to the seller.
Decor
In BU, the order of reflection of the return by the buyer depends on the moment of detection of marriage. If discrepancies are identified before the acceptance of the values, then an act is drawn up and the goods are returned to the supplier. Ownership remains with the seller. The buyer will capitalize the goods on the off-balance account 002 “Material and goods in custody”, and upon return, deduct them from the loan. Posting DT51 KT76 reflects the receipt of money from the supplier for the claim. Thus, in the control unit you need to display only three operations:
- Register a value invoice.
- Checkout the goods.
- Reflect bank statement for receipt of money.
If the defect is discovered after posting, an act of non-compliance is issued to the supplier. All subsequent operations are displayed on subaccount 76.6 “Settlement of claims”.
How to make a return of goods to the supplier after receiving the advance payment?
Consider this situation by example.
LLC bought a batch of nails for 25 000 rubles. Prior to acceptance, a 50% advance payment was made. After posting, a marriage was revealed: all nails have no hats. We issue a return of goods to the supplier. Postings:
- DT60 “Advances” KT51 - 12,500 - the advance is listed.
- DT68 KT76 - 1906.78 - VAT included.
- DT41 KT60 - 25 000 - the goods are accepted for accounting.
- DT19 KT60 - 3813.56 - VAT included.
- DT60 KT60 “Advances” - an advance is set off.
- DT68 KT19 - 3813.56 - the invoice is registered.
- DT76 KT68 - 1906.78 - VAT restored.
- DT76 KT41 - 25 000 - return of goods to the supplier.
- DT76 KT68 - 3813.56 rubles. - VAT included.
- DT51 KT76 - 12.5 thousand rubles. - money returned for the goods.
At the supplier, the reflection of this operation is complicated by the calculation of VAT on prepayment and the subsequent reflection of the deduction.
- DT51 KT62 - 12 500 - received money from the buyer.
- DT76 KT68 - 1906.78 - the invoice is issued.
- DT62 KT90.1 - 25,000 - revenue included.
- DT90.3 KT68 - 3813.56 - VAT is charged.
- DT90.2 KT41 - 20,000 - cost taken into account.
- DT62 KT62 - 12 500 - the advance is set off.
- DT68 KT76 - 1906.78 - VAT deduction.
- DT62 KT90.1 - 25 000 - reversed sales.
- DT90.2 KT41 - 20 000 - adjustment to write-off of goods.
- DT90 KT19 - 3813.56 - reversed VAT.
- DT62 KT62 - 12 500 - adjustment of the advance payment received.
- DT68 KT19 - 1906.78 - registration of a return invoice.
- DT62 KT51 - 12 500 - refund to the buyer.
What if tax periods differ?
According to paragraph 6 of PBU 9 "Income of the organization", revenue in the accounting unit is taken in an amount equal to the amount of cash received. When a return is made to the supplier, it is considered that the ownership has not passed to the buyer. According to paragraph 80 of the PBU of the Russian Federation, the decrease in revenue after the marriage of the previous year is revealed is reflected in the form of loss for the reporting period. Clarifications to the balance sheet are not made. Consider the conditions of the previous example, how the return of goods to the supplier is made out in different tax periods. Postings:
- 91.2 62 - 25 000 - the return from the seller is taken into account as expenses of the reporting year.
- DT41 KT91.1 - 20 000 - the written-off prime cost was restored.
- DT68 KT91.1 - 3813.5 - accepted for VAT deduction.
Return of goods by an individual
The procedure for settlements under retail sales contracts is regulated by Ch. 30 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Textiles, perfumes, jewelry, etc. are not subject to return. In other cases, the seller cannot refuse to accept the sold valuables. Let us consider in more detail how the return of goods is made out.
LLC sold the dress at a price of 2.5 thousand rubles. The next day, the buyer returned the goods, since it was defective, and received the money back. We issue a return of goods to the supplier. Postings:
- DT76 KT90.1 -2.5 thousand rubles. - reversed revenue from sales.
- DT90.2 KT41 - 2 thousand rubles. - reflected the purchase value of the goods.
- DT90.3 KT68 - 381.36 rubles. - VAT included.
- DT76 KT50 - 2500 rubles. - money returned to the buyer.
- DT41 KT76 - 2000 rubles. - the goods are capitalized.
- DT90.2 KT42 - 0.5 thousand rubles. - restored trade margin.
Workflow
Peculiarities of paperwork should be fixed by the supply agreement. It should be indicated that the buyer is obliged to make a claim (letter) for the return of the goods to the supplier and send it by e-mail. This will save time on paperwork. The act is drawn up in free form, signed by representatives of both parties and is the basis for the formation of the claim. In turn, the seller must take the goods on record, issue an adjustment invoice and send it to the buyer. An account is redone if the price or quantity of values changes. This is how the return of goods to the supplier is processed.
In retail, the procedure is different. The seller must pick up the check, sign it with the warehouse manager, draw up an act in the form of KM-3, write out an invoice and return the money. Documents are handed over to bookkeeping. Amounts paid are reflected in the cashier's journal. Revenue is reduced by it. If the return is made later than on the day of purchase, the procedure looks different:
- the buyer draws up the application to which the check is attached;
- The invoice for the return of goods to the supplier is signed in 2 copies: one is attached to the report, the second is handed to the client;
- the seller gives out money and makes up RKO;
- changes are made to the control unit.
VAT accounting
If the buyer refuses part of the lot, the seller invoices to reduce the cost or quantity of values. It is registered in the shopping book. If the buyer refuses the entire batch, the seller registers his invoice. The recipient of VAT on the goods does not declare, but draws up an act and accepts the goods for safekeeping.
Examples
Consider how the return of goods to the supplier is processed (accounting entries in different conditions, of course, will differ).
The seller shipped valuables in the amount of 11.8 thousand rubles. (VAT - 1800 rubles). The prime cost is 8 thousand rubles. The buyer paid the bill in full, and then discovered the marriage and returned the entire batch to the seller.
Amount (thousand rubles) | DT | CT | Operation |
8 | 90.2 | 41 | Charged to cost |
11.8 | 62 | 90.1 | Revenue included |
1.8 | 90.3 | 68 | Accrued VAT |
11.8 | 51 | 62 | Payment Included |
11.8 | 62 | 76 | Claim filed |
-11.8 | 62 | 90.1 | The operation of selling goods is reversed |
-1.8 | 90.3 | 68 |
-8 | 90.2 | 41 |
11.8 | 76 | 51 | Money back |
Return of goods to the supplier occurred after payment. Therefore, in postings, account 76 “Settlements with debtors, creditors” was entered. After reversal, the buyer has a payable. This amount is reflected in account 76. After the refund, the final balance is reset. That is, the same account is used for settlements with debtors and creditors. Here's how to arrange a return of goods to the supplier after paying the batch.
The seller generates the following transactions:
Amount (thousand roubles.) | DT | CT | Operation |
10 | 41 | 60 | Capitalized goods |
1.8 | 19 | 60 | VAT |
1.8 | 68 | 19 | Tax deductible |
11.8 | 60 | 51 | Payment for goods |
11.8 | 76 | 60 | The supplier accepted the claim. |
-10 | 41 | 60 | Implementation operation is reversed |
-1.8 | 19 | 60 |
-1.8 | 68 | 19 | VAT recovered |
11.8 | 51 | 76 | Money back |
Such postings are formed if goods of inadequate quality, another assortment or with incorrectly executed documents are returned.
Reverse implementation
The coolie-sale agreement provides for a condition under which the buyer can return the goods if he does not sell it. Such an operation is executed not by reversal, but by reverse sale. It occurs with the consent of both parties. Ownership is returned to the supplier. The former recipient invoices and registers it in the sales book.
Amount (thousand roubles.) | Debit | Credit | Operation |
11.8 | 62 | 90.1 | Revenues from sales |
1.8 | 90.3 | 68 | Accrued VAT |
8 | 90.2 | 41 | Charged to cost |
10 | 41 | 60 | Purchase returns |
1.8 | 19 | 60 | VAT allocated |
1.8 | 68 | 19 | Tax deductible |
10 | 60 | 62 | Netting |
This scheme is disadvantageous to the supplier, since the consignment is disposed of at a lower price, and returned at a higher price (8 thousand rubles were written off to the cost price, and 10 thousand rubles were capitalized).
Differences
Once again, briefly consider the essence of two operations to return the values. The seller shipped the goods, and after a certain time, he received back the whole batch or only part of it. If the reason is the discrepancy between the values of the terms of the contract on quality, color, packaging, size, etc., then this operation is a return. In the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, it is interpreted as the supplier’s default on obligations. If the buyer has no claims to values and returns the goods due to the fact that he could not sell it, then this operation is called reverse implementation. Both sides reflect it in BU and NU as a regular sale. The buyer writes the invoice to the former supplier, reflects it in the sales book, in the revenue section. In BU, the value of the returned values is taken into account on account 90. There is no difference in BU and NU. This is what confuses accountants. Although in fact there are no difficulties in the design of the operation.