What is identification? This word comes from the Latin "identificare", which in translation means "identification", ie establishing complete similarity or coincidence. Every minute we, without realizing it, identify people, animals, various objects and events.
And although this happens automatically, the process of recognizing an object is actually quite complicated. After all, it means by itself finding a complete match with oneself, with the help of some mappings left by them.
In practice, such an identification has a high demand in forensics. By the coincidence of different signs, the examination allows you to quickly identify objects or a person’s personality.
What is an identity?
There are various methods of personal identification. We will name the most effective and often used of them:
• Analysis of medical and medical history data.
• Anthroposcopic studies. This is a compilation of verbal portraits. Part of this method is pathoscopy - fixing memorable scars, scars or moles.
• Fingerprinting.
• Phonetic research.
So, this is what identification is - the identification of an object with its description or other information peculiar only to it.
Forensic identification
Conventionally, identification in forensics can be divided into two areas: individual and group. With individual recognition, the similarity of one object is established. In group identification, an item is assigned to any class, genus and species. The nature of the characteristics of any object affects the choice of type of recognition. The types of forensic identification themselves are divided into four areas:
- Identification of an object by mental images. This type of identification is used to identify someone during investigations.
- Identification by description. Such recognition is mainly used to search for criminals and stolen things.
- Identification by material mappings. This is a search through the analysis of photographs, any manuscripts, or traces. This is the most common method of identification in forensic examinations.
- Identification in parts. This method is used in cases where it is necessary to establish that one or another part has ever belonged to a single whole. For example, by a fragment of the headlight, you can recognize a certain car, identifying it as a participant in an accident.
Criminalistic identification has a scientific basis, which includes three provisions:
- individuality;
- the relative stability of the material object;
- the ability to reflect their signs on other objects.
Thus, several conclusions can be made:
• The identification of an object related to a crime plays an important role in the investigation process;
• forensic recognition has a sound scientific basis.
Knowing what identification is, it is easy to understand how important the correct recognition of an object in an investigation in forensics is.