Worldview concepts, perhaps, can not be counted. Even without taking into account individual beliefs and theories, it would not be possible to give a complete picture of philosophical trends in a multi-page opus. However, the most common features can be distinguished. Some are theocentric - that is, in the core of the universe is God (gods). Others can be described as existential, religious,
atheistic humanism. What is this - is it a separate worldview, concept, life position?
It is worth distinguishing this concept from the humanity that is paronymous with it. It is sometimes mistakenly believed that humanity is the same as humanism. What is this concept? Most dictionaries, including academic and philosophical encyclopedias, define it as a worldview (or belief system), in the center of which a person stands as the highest value. It is simpler to say that it is life, personality, individuality that is the "measure of all things." All concepts, all phenomena are perceived through the prism of the human. Through "I" and "we", through the correlation of the divine and the earthly in people. You can often hear the terms "Renaissance" or "Renaissance" humanism. What is it - is it just a worldview or a whole direction, a system of views and values? This is by no means an invention of the New Age. On the contrary, the scientists and philosophers of the Renaissance actively turned to ancient culture, to the ancient Roman and ancient Greek spirituality. And Cicero was one of the first to mention this concept, calling the higher development of human abilities the capacious word "humanism". What did this mean in the Renaissance?
Unlike the followers of cosmocentrism and theocentrism, thinkers of that era are at the center
The universe has set a personality. A man with his rights and freedoms, opportunities and needs, views and activities began to occupy the minds of philosophers. These include the greatest thinkers of those times - Petrarch and Dante, Bocaccio and Michelangelo, and later - Mor and Montaigne, Copernicus and
Erasmus of Rotterdam, Schiller and Goethe. If the philosophical humanism of the Renaissance was focused mainly on the field of art and human capabilities, then at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century ideas gained a slightly different meaning. The culture has already separated from religion and the church, therefore, the main attention was paid to
moral values and norms.
Existentialists, Nietzscheans, nihilists, pragmatists - they all considered the spiritual world of man as an absolute, as a reference point.
In contrast, religious philosophers believed that social humanism, especially in its atheistic form, threatens bestiality, a departure from the divine and self-destruction of the individual. Discussions about the affiliation of a thinker to anthropocentric trends are still ongoing. One of the central issues is the problem of subjectivity and objectivity of cognition of the world. If humanists consider that all values, all being are related mainly to a person, then postmodernists and structuralists deny the dominant importance of personality. They proclaim the primacy of the general over the particular, the objective over the individual.
According to the modern understanding of the term, humanism is also a position in life. Human beings can independently determine the meaning and significance of their existence. The protection of the individual, individuality, its freedoms and rights is the basis of modern democratic politics.