The word "logic" comes from the Greek logos, which means "word", "speech", "concept", "thought" and "judgment". This concept is often used in different meanings, such as the process of rationality, analyticity, etc. Aristotle systematized the knowledge about it and singled it out as a separate science. She studies the forms of right thinking and its laws. Aristotle's logic is the main tool of the human mind, which gives a true idea of reality, and its laws belong to the main rules of rational statements and have not lost their significance to this day.
The main forms of
thinking Aristotle's
logic includes judgment, concept and inference. A concept is a simple initial connection of thoughts that reflects the basic properties and attributes of objects. Judgment implies a denial or affirmation of the connection between the criteria and the object itself. Inference is understood as the most complex mental form, which is formed on the basis of conclusions and analysis.
Aristotle's logic is designed to teach how to properly use concepts and analytics, and for this both of these forms must be fair. This factor provides definition to the concept, and proof to the judgment. Thus, the
ancient Greek philosopher considered the definition and proof as the main issues of his science.
In the treatises of the scientist,
theoretical foundations were laid
, the subject of discipline, which was set forth by Aristotle himself. Logic for him was an expression of his own philosophical position. He also formulated logical laws: identities, non-contradictions and the excluded third. The first says that any thought during the discussion should remain completely identical to itself, that is, the content of the idea should not change in the process. The second law of non-contradiction is that several opposing opinions should not be true at the same time, one of them must be false. The rule of the excluded third contains the notion that dual judgments cannot be wrong at the same time, one of them is always true.
In addition, Aristotle's logic consisted of methods for transmitting the knowledge gained. Its principle is that the particular follows from the general, and this is embedded in the nature of things. However, at the same time, human consciousness has the opposite idea that holistic knowledge can only be achieved by knowing its parts.
It is important to note that the teachings of Aristotle had a materialistic and dialectical view of the relationship between language and thinking. Unlike Plato, who spoke of reflection without sensory impressions and words, Aristotle believed that it is impossible to think without sensations. His feelings had the same role as the mind, because in order to communicate with reality, intelligence needs touch, it, like a blank sheet, does not have innate concepts, but fixes them through perception. According to the philosopher, it is in this way that cognition begins, and by the method of timely abstraction and determination of common signs, reason comes to the conclusion of concepts.