Defining different types of violence, you must first understand the terminology in order to exclude discrepancies. The interpretation of the terms is important for forensics as a science, for applied law. Theory and its application are valuable to disciplines and help to improve the laws governing our society.
What is violence?
The term is used to denote the effect on another person, both psychological and physical. They speak of violence if one individual harms another while pursuing its own interests. It is closely associated with aggression, neutral in terms of the moral content of the term, and is used not only for negative actions, but sometimes for good. However, more often resort to violence for the sake of cruelty and the commission of something evil.
A certain type of violence is an activity in which a person does not pay attention to the possible harm to others. Aggression associated with it is inherent in various forms of social activity - military affairs, sports. Sometimes aggression is encouraged by law, and there will be no criminal liability for it, even if someone died as a result of the action. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that violence is punished or encouraged, it all depends on the direction of actions and their characteristics.
Our society is such that it is simply impossible to imagine it without aggression. Most sociologists, psychologists, and historians are convinced that the use of physical force and other forms of expression of aggression aimed at achieving a specific goal have made it possible to advance civilization to the level that is currently observed. At certain points in the development of society, scientists say, without the use of aggression it would simply be impossible to enter a new era.
Features and Methods
Actions can be directed at a person physically, and possibly violence of a psychological nature, that is, a threat. In some cases, these are actually committed acts; in others, aggression is associated with visions and dreams. More often it manifests itself by evil people, but this condition is not necessary: even a person who is not inherently such a nature can resort to violence if circumstances force such behavior. Each person independently makes a decision, estimates how necessary it is to resort to violence in the current situation.
Aggression and the use of physical force are not equivalent to cruelty - this term refers to the desire to make others suffer, to suffer for their own sake and their goals. Cruelty is the neglect of the consequences of one’s act, if they cause pain for other people. Cruelty sometimes becomes a tool to achieve the desired. This phenomenon is inherently aggressive, aggressive, and a person prone to it. Currently, the laws adopted in our society can justify or punish aggression, but cruelty is always condemned - there can be no exceptions. This is due to the immorality of the phenomenon.
Is it possible or not?
Mostly in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, violent acts are punishable in accordance with the articles of the Civil Code (special part). Statistical studies show that this kind of activity occurs in different regions of the world with different frequencies: the indicators inherent in developed powers are significantly lower, and higher in those that are still developing. For developed countries, more selfish motives of offenses are more characteristic. In our country, on average, selfish motives account for about 20% of all offenses, and 15% of this number are grave, very grave, and violent in nature. Each victim of such an act receives irreparable damage. In countries where democracy rules, any encroachment on other people's property, dignity, the right to exist, and be healthy must be punished as severely as possible. Offenses against the health and life of others are the first cases under consideration by the Civil Code.
The criminological characteristics of violent crime oblige us to consider in this category not only the offenses specified in the seventh section of the Criminal Code, but also acts whose essence includes violence. At the same time, both violent and mercenary, for example, can be called robbery, robbery. In certain cases, such acts are classified, first of all, as self-serving, then already as violent. Extortion also extends to this extortion. The approach in a particular case depends on the views of the lawyer and the nuances of a particular case. In the general case, it is customary to primarily speak of belonging to a group of violent offenses, since human health and its inviolability are significantly more valuable than property benefits.
Relevance of the problem
Prevention of violent crime in our country is a much more important topic than for many European powers. According to statistics, this type of offense in the Russian Federation happens much more. At the same time, per unit of population, the frequency of acts in other developed powers may be greater than in our country. The most accurately recorded killings. If we consider violent crime in the aspect of only these illegal acts, it turns out that for the Russian Federation the figure is more significant than in the West. Say, relative to the United States, the figure for the Russian Federation is higher, more than three times.
Each year, on average, more than 30,000 murders are committed on the territory of our country, 20,000 more than the number of cases in which the victim suffered grievous bodily harm. More than 10,000 rapes are registered annually. Mercenary-violent crime is estimated at approximately 40,000 robberies, and robberies occur three times more often. The number of murders over the past decade and a half has tripled, the number of serious injuries has doubled. Robberies tripled, robberies - five times.
Causes and consequences
According to the criminological characteristics of violent crime and statistics collected over the past decade and a half, the number of cases when a criminal threatens a victim with various types of weapons is significantly increased. This is due to the availability of such items, the activity of the arms trade. Organized crime has become stronger. In many ways, the fact is connected with military conflicts localized both in our country and in the neighboring countries.
Physical abuse is associated with a turbulent social situation. Consequently, during the period of military conflicts, the number of violent crimes becomes higher. They destroy property, kill people, and many receive harm to their health. Terrorists become more active, offenses are committed regarding captured military men, and ordinary people become hostages. It is impossible to deny the link between crime and increased activity in transactions with weapons and narcotic substances. Recently, there has been an increase in crimes, the purpose of which is to seize drugs or means to acquire them, as well as unlawful acts committed by people during the period of intoxication with drugs.
Self-interest and terrorism
Not only crimes in the domestic sphere pose a considerable threat to the life and well-being of the population. Recently, the issue of selfish motives has been extremely relevant. The number of benefits received by individuals by means of violence has increased. This is largely due to developed organized crime. Banditry, robbery help people to appropriate other people's goods bypassing the law. This also includes extortion, killing a competitor in the field of politics or economic activity. There are frequent cases of terrorist acts with the aim of taking away goods, and contract killings in our country are a phenomenon that is not surprising to anyone.
In formulating the characteristics of violent crime, terrorism cannot be overlooked. A few decades ago, this term was known only to a few, but nowadays everyone knows about terrorists. In addition to terrorist attacks and terrorism, this type of violent crime includes dangerous acts aimed at eliminating people. This is hostage-taking and the restriction of freedom of another person without legal grounds, the impact on employees of the authorities responsible for the rule of law. Terrorists can threaten and intimidate, bribe witnesses, act on the victim of a crime, threaten death, harm to health or material well-being.
Features of the situation
Nowadays, physical violence, murders, especially cruel offenses are more common than a decade and a half ago. The difference is estimated at least 10%. One can see the trend of toughening of illegal acts. This is especially noticeable in the study of rape.
The frequency of committing illegal acts by children and women is increasing. As can be seen from statistics, outside of domestic relations, family life, the frequency of cases of women committing acts assessed under the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - murder, violence, as well as others devoted to serious and especially serious offenses has increased. Studies show that women began to take part in robberies and robberies, enter the pyramid of organized crime, and sometimes they become organizers and inspirers of offenses. At the same time, the number of cases when mothers kill newborns is growing significantly. Among minors, children who use violence are more and more often wishing to satisfy their selfish thoughts.
Economics and politics
It is no secret that the article “murder” in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation often does not scare those who wish to achieve economic success. Recently, various forms of violent offenses are actively used to solve problems associated with economic activity. Cases of such acts have become more frequent in interpersonal conflicts, political problems and intimate relationships. Contract killings and their prevalence allowed the whole society to get to know the essence of the hired killer. Violence currently threatens all aspects of human life, even if it was not characteristic of them a few decades ago. The magnitude of the use of violent approaches to conflict resolution is truly scary.
In politics, violence is a special issue. Previously, the totalitarian regime fought with all those who disagree, and nowadays violence becomes a tool to eliminate the opponent. There are many ways to resolve the conflict - the enemy is intimidated, they can slander him. Political crime and violence are closely interconnected, at the same time it is reasonable to talk about this area as a separate object of criminology research.
About the reasons: consider in more detail
The causes of violent crime are one of the aspects of crime as a phenomenon that largely determines the life of our society. Increased social anxiety in all social aspects is one of the key factors that stimulate crime. Each person feels himself in danger, considers by any means compelled to protect himself. The danger is far from always real, often it is only assumptions or illusions, however, a person experiences a threat and seeks to prevent it.
As specified in criminology, social order plays a significant role in violent crime. It so happened that in our country, violence has been and remains one of the classical methods of solving any problem. Just look at the story, and it becomes clear how relevant this is. Wars and revolutions, total state control, terrorist regimes and violence by those in power are realities of the history of our power over many centuries.
For a modern person, especially our compatriot, violence is an understandable, familiar, everyday phenomenon. Through the media, television is also promoting the normality of aggression. Domestic violence is usually treated neutrally (the exception is the victim itself), and society does not strictly condemn this. At the same time, although the article for hooliganism is inscribed in the Criminal Code, in the understanding of ordinary people, such offenses are also often considered excusable. Morality is suppressed by the terrorist threat, a social atmosphere is formed that stimulates violence.
Is it possible or not?
Many, classified as hooliganism in the Criminal Code, offenses are not perceived by people as something illegal. This is due to the attitude inherent in some social strata: violence can be used to achieve its goal. Criminal morality, organized crime aggression, and ideology promoted through the media largely support such beliefs. Any person in these conditions feels defenseless, which means that he is morally ready to resort to the most severe measures to prevent infringement of his own interests. At the same time, law enforcement agencies do not respond to what is happening quickly and effectively. This is especially noticeable in domestic crimes and organized crime. The inhabitants are firmly convinced that such structures patronize offenders, cover atrocities, which means that they do not deserve the slightest trust.
As is known from criminology, violent crime for certain segments of the population is the norm and everyday life. There were and are groups in which arbitrariness, rude and violent, aggressive behavior are constantly encountered. These are lumpen - it is from them that the main percentage of criminals comes from. Such people are characterized by early addictions to alcohol, tobacco and narcotic products, casual intimate contacts. The level of culture inherent in the participants of this society is low, education is minimal. For such people, rudeness, rudeness - the norm, not causing surprise or rejection. According to a number of authoritative scientists, it is these strata of the population that are the basis for the formation of violent offenses as a social phenomenon.
Step by step
In criminology, violent crime is considered in various aspects, including the premises of this phenomenon. Observation of social life made it possible to identify certain negative factors affecting a person from childhood: cruelty, rude family relationships, hostility within the family, scandals, fights. If a child observes drunk parents, profaning, conflicting, he gradually develops antisocial attitudes to life. The disadvantages of raising a family in rare cases are corrected by the school, but more often this does not happen, while the domestic environment only exacerbates the situation. Immorality and proximity with previously convicted persons who do not condemn and encourage hooliganism, are cynical about laws, the weak, children and women - all this leaves an imprint on the personality of the future active participant in society.
Not every person has an idea of what responsibility can be for aggressive and cruel actions, which becomes the reason for neglect, careless attitude to others, which in fact is a violent crime. Criminology calls for special attention to be given to young people and minors, although at an older age, not everyone has the correct system for evaluating the perfect. Not understanding the level of responsibility for actions, a person resorts to violence to achieve satisfaction of needs, and does not even realize that he is wrong. Rude attitude, violent actions are often not perceived as something abnormal, and this is especially characteristic of the situation within the family. This is quite logical: first, a person observes similar relationships among his parents and towards himself, then transfers it to his everyday life as he grows up. Etiquette, respect, politeness are terms whose essence is practically unclear for this category of people, and the desire of others to show good manners often gives rise only to mockery.
Criminogenic factors: completing the topic
While physical and mental violence is equally encountered in the domestic and family sphere, the physical form dominates among crimes committed to satisfy selfish goals, as well as a number of others. Often the offender uses weapons. It is not difficult to gain access to it; organized crime, as an institution of society, gives access to almost anyone interested in the type of illegal product that an object requires. , – .
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