Although war is now not as common as it used to be, it can still knock on the house. Therefore, preparation for it remains relevant. What is meant by this? First of all, they talk about physical and shooting training, the ability to drive cars, overcome obstacles, and command. But, besides this, there are a number of important points that are difficult to do without. But they are nonetheless very important.
Introductory information
One of the most significant among them is engineering equipment and masking positions. Fortification is carried out to ensure sound management of subordinate units and units. It allows providing reliable protection to personnel, increases the effectiveness of the use of weapons, and strengthens the protection and defense of the location of troops. This is achieved thanks to the construction of convenient and well-disguised firing positions, barriers and secure communications.
Why is this done?
Engineering support, equipment and masking positions allow you to tip the scales in battle on one side. Often they are built to perform a specific task (maneuver, observation, fire). Ultimately, the goal is to protect forces and means from defeat by the enemy. It should be noted that the protective and masking properties of the terrain must be used to the maximum. Additionally, objects that turn up on the arm will also fit under this. For protection purposes, funnels from shells, ditches, ditches, embankments, ramps, ravines are suitable. All this helps to resist not only conventional weapons, but even nuclear weapons. If you have to act in an open area, then the best solution would be to sit behind the reverse slope of the hill.
What is the choice, equipment and masking position?
It is very important to choose a good starting place. So, you can find good protection in narrow, deep and winding ravines, hollows, quarries. It is desirable that they be located perpendicular or at a significant angle towards the point of propagation of the shock wave. But it must be remembered that in soft soils sheltered slopes collapse quite easily. Therefore, they should be fixed.
Natural recesses can increase the protective properties of the area. But it is always necessary to remember the negative aspects of certain positions. The notch may crumble. The forest mass significantly weakens the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion. But you have to protect equipment and personnel from blows of debris, falling branches and tree trunks with at least the simplest shelters. Therefore, performing tasks in a wooded area, it is better to dwell on glades, glades, clearings. But for masking, it is desirable that they be covered with shrubs.
Where does the work begin?
Equipment and camouflage camouflage, as a rule, originate in the fact that personnel in occupied positions for firing, protecting and observing equips single (rarely paired) beds. Then they go deep for shooting from a knee and standing. Before digging a trench, each soldier should take a closer look at the terrain and position himself in such a way as to have a good overview and shelling of his sector and at the same time not be noticeable to the enemy. And only then the place is dug out.
Speaking about the order of equipment and camouflage trenches, you should start with single ones, as the simplest ones, not time consuming and simply understandable. What are they? A single trench is a excavation that has embankments in front and on the sides. It provides convenient placement of a soldier with weapons and equipment to protect against enemy weapons and firing. For lying down, he should have the following parameters: width / length / depth - 60/180/30 centimeters. This is required in order to completely hide the soldier. For convenient shooting in the front part there are leaves with a width of 25-30 centimeters and 10 cm above the bottom. Such parameters are necessary to provide support for the elbows. The excavated earth is thrown forward and forms a mound.
More about solitary trenches
If it is planned to fire on the flanks, then the height of the embankment from the enemy should be twenty centimeters greater than in the firing sector. For trenches in such cases, it is provided that the volume of excavated soil is 0.3 cubic meters, and half an hour of work of one soldier is required for its construction. Not waiting for the commander’s order, each soldier must deepen the trench for shooting while lying down. Then he must improve it so that he can shoot from his knee, and then standing. How it's done?
Preparation of single trenches for shooting from a knee and standing
This is done with the help of additional digging into the depths of an existing trench. If we talk about shooting from a knee, then it already has a width of 110 cm and a depth of 60 cm. The soil is thrown to the sides and forwards, creating an embankment up to sixty centimeters high. In the firing sector, it should be reduced to 30 cm. Thus, a recess with gentle slopes is created - an open loophole. The volume of excavated soil in this case is 0.8 cubic meters. At its arrangement, a person is allocated 1.2 hours. To equip a trench with the ability to shoot while standing, it is necessary to deepen it. In this case, the excavation is about 1.4 cubic meters. 1.5 hours are allocated for work. This trench, provided that the person is at the bottom, allows one and a half times to reduce the radius of the zone of destruction by atomic weapons in comparison with basing in open areas.
Creating a Paired Trench
Little by little, engineering training, engineering equipment and masking of positions are being considered. And now it's the turn of a pair of trenches. They provide for the placement of two soldiers. In this case, an earthen fragment should be made in the form of a slit of a broken or rectangular mark and reach a length of up to three meters. To place the legs during the rest, it is allowed to tear niches. What parameters of speed of work should you strive for? For a single trench, it is stipulated that a soldier should be controlled:
- Lying down: 15-20 minutes. But no more than 32.
- From the knee: 45 minutes. But no more than 1 hour and 10 minutes.
- Standing: 1.5 hours. But no more than 2 hours
For paired trenches, these values are 1.5-2 times greater.
About Disguise
Now let's get distracted. Engineering equipment and masking positions include not only digging the ground for personnel and equipment, but also measures to hide them from the enemy’s eyes. To protect against air surveillance, special canvases are used in which grass, branches and other improvised material are woven. The location of the trenches before masking them must meet the following requirements:
- Provide a good overview and shelling of the terrain lying in front at a distance of not less than 400 meters. A good visual contact of the approaches to the adjacent trenches should also be ensured.
- Contribute to camouflage, which greatly reduces the effectiveness of fire at a point.
- The possibility of covert communication with neighboring trenches and the rear is provided.
- Foster the work on the equipment and arrangement of the battlefield.
More detailed study
Equipment and camouflage trenches and shelters require certain knowledge. So, good shelling means the absence of dead (you cannot fire at them) spaces within the firing sector. Best of all this requirement corresponds to the location on the slope of the hill, which is facing the enemy. When placing a position at his sole, fire can be maintained. That is, the targets are well hit at a distance of the entire flight of the bullet. If you place a position near the topographic ridge, then usually opens a review over long distances. But firing without dead space is possible only for the shortest distances. The so-called combat crest is most suitable for this. It is a line on the front slope of the hill facing the enemy. From it you can fire to the sole without dead spaces.
Masking tasks
This can be achieved due to the competent location of objects on the ground. Engineering equipment and masking positions are further facilitated when placed in shrubs, tall grass, poorly visible to the enemy and not visible from his ground observation points. But, achieving this, it is also necessary to ensure that the conditions for fulfilling the existing fire mission are not complicated. That is, shelling of the area that is in a given lane should not suffer. Therefore, a simple and effective way is often used - sodding. It is both uncomplicated and highly productive.
If the turf is not enough, then additional it can be done to the side or in the rear of the trench. For a tray to a place of work stretchers are used. It is better to prepare it where the construction of false trenches is planned. The area from which it is removed should be similar to a conventional fortification structure. Engineering equipment and masking positions provide for their connection with protected moves in case of prolonged confrontation.
And what about the technology?
It’s not just the infantry that is fighting. It may be such that a technique is used to create a strong point. Leaving it in a clean field is not recommended. Let's look at the procedure in case you need to dig a tank. His platoon on his own should carry out the fortification equipment of the created strong point and the subsequent masking of equipment. It must be borne in mind that now there are many high-precision weapons. If there is equipment, then you can use it or attachments to clear the area. It is also useful to take care of niches for ammunition. Usually their size is 1 x 1 meter or so. They should be placed slightly above the bottom of the trench. This is done so that they do not leak water, which can spoil the ammunition.
And a little more about disguise
And now about human factors. Many people think that the engineering support, equipment and camouflage of positions is limited only by digging, pulling nets and weaving grass with leaves into them. This is true, but this is not the whole picture. The behavior of the fighters placed on the point is also important. After all, if you talk loudly or even shoot up from boredom, then even the best camouflage net will not be able to help conceal the placement of fighters from the enemy. Silence must be respected. If the enemy’s location is unknown, they are allowed to speak only in a whisper. If a whole system is being built, then for free movement you can arrange dead ends and broadening. Also, in order to not have to slurp your boots, you need to take care of the gutters and drainage wells. All this should be reliably disguised, hidden from ground and air surveillance. The created fortifications are simply obliged to fit well into the surrounding area and not leave traces of soil fragments on themselves. It must be remembered that the life of fighters largely depends on compliance with these simple rules.