In the history of the domestic automotive industry, there are not many outstanding copies known almost all over the world. One of such masterpieces is the KamAZ-4310 car - the most famous offspring of the Kama Automobile Plant, which became the progenitor of more modern modifications. The machine is equipped with a drive to three independent bridges, characterized by increased cross-country ability. Consider the features and characteristics of the truck, as well as explore its capabilities.
General information
For the eighties of the last century, the KamAZ-4310 was an excellent cargo SUV, able to overcome serious obstacles, steep ascents and descents, fords up to one and a half meters. Serial production of the model began in 1981. The car in question is produced in Naberezhnye Chelny. However, its development began at the Likhachev plant in Moscow in the mid-sixties.
After agreeing on all the technical nuances, the designers began to fulfill the order, the implementation of which took ten years. During this time, ZIL engineers collected a dozen prototypes, made many innovative implementations (this is confirmed by more than 50 copyright certificates). The standard equipment of the vehicle was equipped with a completely new principle of operation of the KamAZ-4310 drive axles. The modification received a permanent drive with four cardan shafts. The body part included a metal base with the ability to mount an awning and frame. The main purpose of the car is the transportation of passengers and goods of increased tonnage. The truck is able to function effectively in various climatic conditions, which has made it popular everywhere in the vast expanses of the former USSR.
Internal equipment
The cabin of the KamAZ-4310 car is designed for three seats, has thermal insulation and noise protection for greater comfort for the driver and passengers. Also included in the equipment is an independent heater as a heater. The cab leans back with a hydraulic lift. The standard sleeping bag is not provided, it can be ordered separately. The driver's seat is equipped with springs, adjustable in length, height and angle of inclination of the back.
Despite the fact that the KamAZ-4310 is far from European competitors, the car turned out to be quite productive and comfortable for its time, not only in terms of driving performance, but also in terms of equipping the working and passenger seats. The dashboard is ascetic as possible, however, it has all the necessary devices, the seats have the most simplified design. In some modifications of the series under consideration, a significant role is played not by the convenience in equipment, but by maneuverability, practicality and functionality. As an additional protection against glare and sunlight, a drop-down visor for the driver and passengers is provided.
KamAZ-4310: technical specifications
The following are the main parameters of the legendary truck:
- The carrying capacity is 6 tons.
- Towed tow hitch - up to 10 t.
- Gross vehicle weight - 15 tons.
- Overall dimensions - 7.65 / 2.5 / 2.9 m.
- Loading height - 1.53 m.
- Ground clearance - 36.5 cm.
- Wheelbase - 3.34 / 1.32 m.
- Wheel track - 2.01 m.
- The external turning radius is 11.2 m.
- The maximum speed is 85 km / h.
- Fuel consumption per 100 km - about 30 liters.
- Cruising range - 830 km.
Other parameters
Among the other characteristics of this car, the following points can be noted:
- The power unit is a diesel engine with eight cylinders, liquid cooling and overhead valves.
- The working volume is 10.85 liters.
- Compression - 17.
- Horse power - 210.
- The torque is 637 Nm.
- Clutch type - double-disk dry mechanism.
- Gearbox - Synchronized mechanics on five ranges.
- Razdatka KamAZ-4310 - with a pair of steps and an interaxle locking differential.
- Front / rear axle drive - permanent, non-disconnectable / straight through sequential.
Transmission and suspension
The transmission unit is represented by a KamAZ-4310 box with five ranges, which is equipped with synchronizers at all speeds except the first mode. In the dispensing unit, an axle differential is provided with a lock with planetary elements that redistribute the torque. This mechanism is controlled by an electro-pneumatic drive.
The car suspension is an independent type, mounted on semi-elliptical springs, equipped with shock absorbers and rear sliding ends. This analog has balancers, springs with jet rods and sliding edges of the working elements.
Other equipment
The brake unit includes drums and a pneumatic drive with a pair of loops. There is a parking brake, a spare and auxiliary system. The width of the drums is 40 centimeters with a lining width of 14 cm. The expansion of the assembly is of a cam type.
The steering is represented by the KamAZ-4310 GUR, a screw mechanism, a ball nut and a piston rack with gear aggregation between the bipod shaft. This design of the steering unit allows you to perfectly cope with the terrain.
In the electrical circuit, the voltage is 24 volts, the number of batteries is two, there is a generator and a voltage regulator. As an additional equipment, a drum device winch with a worm gear and a belt brake is used. The possibility of stretching the cable is more than 80 meters. The main thing is to conduct a routine inspection of these mechanisms in a timely manner in order to maximize the working life and ease of operation of the units.
Modifications
Below is a list of the main models of the KamAZ-4310 car:
- The basic version 4310 is created with a shortened platform, equipped with an awning, folding seats and a tailgate. Years of production - 1983-1990.
- An experimental variation under the index 43101. The modification differs from the standard model by the presence of three folding sides.
- The upgraded model 43101 was equipped with a more powerful motor and had increased payload.
- KamAZ-4310. The device of this car is intended for sporting events, in particular, participation in such rallies as Paris-Dakar, and is equipped with an additional 10 in the name.
- 43102/43103 - a car with a berth.
- 43105 - a civilian transport truck without the possibility of mounting a winch and adjusting tire pressure.
- 43114 - Army version, produced since 1996.
- 4410 - a tractor unit focused on towing special trailers, weighing up to 15 tons.
- 43118 - transport version with an enlarged loading platform and a modernized engine.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of KAMAZ-4310 include the following points:
- Improved visibility, due to the lack of a bonnet.
- Excellent indicator of patency.
- Good payload.
- Increased clearance.
- The ability to adjust tire pressure on some modifications.
- Four-wheel drive.
- Maintainability and reasonable cost.
- High maneuverability and small turning radius.
- The ability to operate in a wide temperature range on virtually any off-road.
- Universality and powerful power units.
Minuses:
- Substantial fuel consumption.
- Not very comfortable interior and exterior cab equipment.
- Simple seat design.
- Relatively low dynamic parameters.
Interesting Facts
A modification of the truck in question participating in the Paris-Dakar rally was equipped with additional safety arches, the cab was painted yellow, and a 430 horsepower engine was equipped. In 1991, this car took second place in these competitions.
In the early nineties of the last century, an armored version was codenamed “Typhoon”. It was equipped with a special booth for transporting personnel. This modification became the basis for the development of such conveyors in the future.
The price of the cars in question depends on the configuration and condition of the vehicle. It is worth noting that used KamAZ-4310 can be purchased at a price of 1.8 million rubles.
In 1989, the plant began to produce additional equipment to help the agricultural industry. The machine was equipped with benches with folding configuration, which made it possible to carry up to 30 people or the necessary cargo.
In the same year, KamAZ-43106 was released, which differs from the analogue in the reduced total weight. At the same time, the truck could take away one ton more, and also had the ability to aggregate with a tow hitch. Such models were often used as timber trucks. Even with overload, they coped with the tasks set perfectly.
To summarize
Despite the fact that a lot of time has passed since the release of the legendary domestic truck called KamAZ-4310, it can still be found in various economic fields. For the Soviet Union, this car was considered one of the best in its class. This popularity is due to the versatility of the machine, which allows it to be used in various industries, including forestry, army, construction and agricultural management. Together with reliability and functionality, the developers have achieved the optimal combination of affordability and maintainability of the vehicle. The updated versions were additionally distinguished by increased comfort of the workplace, equipped with a berth, adjustable tire pressure and other pleasant trifles.