The theoretical rationale for the life of modern society is based on a particular solution that emerged thanks to the conclusions of philosophers who extrapolated their philosophical concepts into the real world. With the passage of time and a change in the way of society, these theories have been revised, supplemented and expanded, crystallizing into what we have at the moment. Modern science distinguishes two main philosophical concepts of society: idealistic and materialistic.
Idealistic theory
The idealistic theory is that the basis of society, its core forms the spiritual principle, enlightenment and the height of the moral qualities of the units that make up this society. Often, the core was understood as God, pure mind, world intellect or human consciousness. The main idea lies in the thesis that ideas govern the world. And that by “putting” thoughts with a certain vector (good, evil, altruistic, etc.) into people's heads, it was possible to reorganize all of humanity.
Undoubtedly, such a theory has certain grounds. For example, the fact that all human actions are performed with the participation of the mind and consciousness. Before the division of labor, such a theory could be taken for granted. But at that moment when the mental sphere of life was separated from the physical, an illusion appeared that consciousness and idea are above the material. Gradually, there was a monopoly on mental work, and hard work was carried out by those who did not get into the circle of the elect.
Materialistic theory
The materialistic theory can be divided into two parts. The first draws a parallel between the place of residence of a group of people and the formation of society. That is, the geographical location, landscape, minerals, access to large water reservoirs, etc. determine the direction of the future state, its political system, and the stratification of society.
The second part is reflected in the theory of Marxism: labor is the foundation of society. Because for studying literature, art, science or philosophy, vital needs must be satisfied. So a pyramid of four feet is built: economic - social - political - spiritual.
Naturalistic and other theories
Less well-known philosophical concepts: naturalistic, technocratic and phenomenological theory.
The naturalistic concept explains the structure of society, referring to its nature, that is, to the physical, biological, geographical patterns of human development. A similar model is used in biology to describe the habits inside a flock of animals. Man, according to this theory, differs only in behavior.
The technocratic concept is associated with the abrupt stages of the development of science and technology, the widespread introduction of the results of technological progress and the transformation of society in rapidly changing conditions.
Phenomenological theory is the result of a crisis that has befallen humanity in recent history. Philosophers are trying to deduce the theory that society is generated from itself, not based on factors from the outside. But it has not yet received distribution.
Picture of the world
Basic philosophical concepts claim that there are several of the most likely pictures of the world. This is a sensory-spatial, spiritual-cultural and metaphysical, mention of physical, biological, philosophical theories.
If you start from the end, the philosophical theory is based around the concept of being, its knowledge and relationship with consciousness in general and man in particular. The history of the development of philosophy shows that with each new stage the concept of being was rethought, there was new evidence of its existence or refutation. At the moment, the theory says that there is being, and its knowledge is in constant dynamic balance with science and spiritual institutions.
Human concept
The philosophical concept of man is now focused on the idealistic problem of man, the so-called "synthetic" concept. Philosophical anthropology seeks to know a person in all spheres of his life, involving medicine, genetics, physics and other sciences. At the moment, there are only fragmentary theories: biological, psychological, religious, cultural, but there is no researcher who would connect from into an integrated system. The philosophical concept of man has remained an open question, on which the modern generation of philosophers continues to work.
Development concept
The philosophical concept of development is also dichotomous. It represents two theories: dialectics and metaphysics.
Dialectics is a consideration of the phenomena and events taking place in the world in all their diversity, dynamic development, change and interaction with each other.
Metaphysics, on the other hand, considers things separately, without explaining their relationship, without considering their influence on each other. For the first time, this theory was put forward by Aristotle, indicating that, having passed a series of changes, matter is embodied in the only possible form.
Philosophical concepts develop in parallel with science and help to expand our knowledge about the world around us. Some of them are confirmed, some remain only inferences, and units are rejected as having no basis.