Great poets leave behind a legacy that lives on for centuries. So was N. A. Nekrasov. The Panaevsky Cycle, whose verses many have heard and read, is one of the best examples of intimate lyrics. It is entirely devoted to the poet’s love for his muse - Avdotya Panaeva.
N. A. Nekrasov: Acquaintance with the Poet
This great poet wrote in a special language. Born into a noble family, he was in soul with ordinary people. He wrote about him and for him.
Nikolai Alekseevich was born into a previously rich noble family in the Podolsk province. The dark cloud above the clan hung the dependence of its chapters on card games. Nikolai’s grandfather lost almost all of his estate to cards. His father, by military service, restored part of the property, but his depraved, unrighteous life of the reverend-landowner led to the fact that a large family with fourteen children was practically without a livelihood.
Separately, it should be said about the poet’s mother. It was thanks to her that he was able to understand the essence of true, sacrificial love and kindness.
The second woman who changed the life of a free young poet was Avdotya Panaeva. Nekrasov dedicated the Panaevsky cycle to her. The lines of love are filled with sincerity and frankness, truths and questions that have been disturbing people's minds for thousands of years are revealed in them with light melodious rhymes.
"Panaevsky cycle." History of Origin and Initiation
Poets have always been people with a special mentality. Their work was born, thanks to the wondrous muses. Nekrasov’s love lyrics were no exception . The poems of the "Panaevsky cycle" represent a certain declaration of love in the poet's muse - Avdotya Yakovlevna. The surname of this only beloved of the author is Panaev. From here, as you know, the cycle takes its name.
This woman was a Petersburg lady of high society, many hearts were broken about her fatal coldness. She was distinguished by beauty and special behavior. In addition to external attractiveness, there was also an invisible mystery inherent in femme fatale, because of which destinies crumble and life ends.
In addition to the literary value, the poems of Nekrasov from the Panaevsky Cycle also have historical significance. This is because besides them, practically no information was preserved about this passionate novel of the poet and his inspirer.
Panaeva was married, and the poet kept his feelings in himself for a whole year, but their strength was so great that they won the heart of this lady. And then there was a civil marriage in which they lived a half dozen years.
Briefly about the "Panaevsky cycle"
There are poets who are able to subtly convey the slightest shades of mood and feelings. These included Nekrasov. The cycle “Panaevsky” is a real picture depicting love. The reader, plunging into the world of the poet’s images, as if sees everything with his own eyes.
A series of poems dedicated to the beloved poet, tells about the feelings and experiences of the lyrical hero, about his suffering from quarrels and the joys of reconciliation, grief from minor rumors. There is a place for painful philosophical thoughts about life and death, love and hate, suffering and joy.
The historical data on the poet’s relationship with Avdotya Panayeva were practically not preserved. However, it is the cycle that shows us the feelings and feelings of the poet. He is a reflection of what has been experienced and felt.
In the poetic lines of the collection, the lyrical hero first glorifies his feelings for his beloved, then in a completely simple language, speaks almost prosaic of quarrels and misunderstanding, is sad about how his lover's character is not perfect.
Despite some similarities of this collection with F. Tyutchev's Denisievsky Cycle, it remains original and original, bright and unusual. A huge role in this is played by biographical elements and the style of dialogue. And the author conducts a dialogue both with himself, with his mind and heart, and with his beloved woman.
"Panaevsky cycle" Nekrasov: a list of poems
Before moving on to poems, it is worth recalling when and in what era they were created. Then openly talk about their feelings, feelings, suffering was not accepted, the frankness of society was not welcomed. But the poet’s love untied his hands and saved him from prejudice. He worked as if he poured out his feelings and thoughts, joys and insults on paper.
"Panaevsky cycle" Nekrasov: list of verses:
- "Yes, our life was running rebellious ...",
- "Long ago, rejected by you ...",
- "The heavy cross went to her share ...",
- "Sorry! Do not remember the days of the fall, "
- "You and I are stupid people ...",
- Goodbye
- “So this is a joke? My dearest",
- "You are always incomparably good,"
- "I do not like your irony,"
- "Sufferer! You are standing before me ... ",
- “A tough year - my illness broke”.
This is not a complete list. According to critics and literary critics, many poems dedicated to Panayeva have not been published. Another part died irretrievably in the letters burned by Avdotya. However, those that survived convey the overall picture and atmosphere of the entire cycle.
Literary analysis
The general theme of the cycle is love and life, ups and downs. Many critics consider the poetry of this cycle from a philosophical point of view. Still, because the whole philosophy of life, an individual view of many truths, the author concludes in his stanzas.
Subtopics of the cycle are love and separation, life and death, tenderness and rage, quarrel and reconciliation, understanding and misunderstanding. This can be easily understood by looking at which verses are included in the "Panaevsky cycle" by Nekrasov. Here is poetry about the relationship of the lyrical hero and his beloved, his sorrow if there was a misunderstanding and discord in a couple.
One of the poems ("Farewell") describes the separation of lovers. The lines show not just sadness - the love of the lyrical hero is so strong that he compares separation with death.
Poems dedicated to Avdotya Panayeva are deeply biographical. The poet does not hide his feelings, shows them in his poems. Many moments of their relationship are captured in the collection, while rejoicing in the moments of harmony and fleeting happiness, the poet is not afraid to sing and bitterness, as an integral part of love and passion.
The means of expression in the poems of the cycle
Many poets, in an attempt to give brightness and originality to their poems, preferred a minimum of means of expression, relying only on their feelings. This was how Nekrasov created the "Panaevsky Cycle", whose verses are light and written in a very simple understandable language. However, if you exclude the completely emotional part, this can make poetry too prosaic.
Literary scholars and scholars of the Panaevsky Cycle have identified several permanent means of expression that Nikolai Nekrasov used in his poetic lines.
Antithesis comes first. It is used by the poet with marked constancy. Recall that the antithesis in the literature is the method of contrasting two fundamentally different concepts. For example, the first poem of the cycle “You are always incomparably good”: “sad and gloomy” - the poet says about himself and immediately about Avdotya - “your cheerful, mocking mind”. Also the antonyms “laughter” and “tears” are very often found in the poetry included in the collection. In the poem "We are stupid people," the poet miraculously defeated such concepts as quarrel and reconciliation, anger and love. Taking an antithesis is the best way to help the author reflect the changeable mood and feelings of lyrical heroes.
Among the means of expression, the second place after the antithesis in the poetry dedicated to Avdotya Panaeva is epithet.
The poem "We are stupid people": a brief analysis
The novel of the poet and his lover was completely insane. Passion and emotions incinerated their hearts. Society discussed these relationships; they were completely incomprehensible to contemporaries.
N. A. Nekrasov "Panaevsky cycle" created for many years. For almost fifteen years, his relationship lasted, and rhyming lines fell on the paper.
The poem that we will analyze is devoted specifically to his relationship with Avdotya Panaeva. Calling himself and her “stupid people”, the poet condemns his explosive nature and unyielding nature of his beloved. “What a minute, then the flash is ready!” - perfectly demonstrates their full of passion and bitterness, warmth and misunderstanding of the relationship, filled with diversity and contrasts.
At first it seems that the author condemns both himself and his beloved, but the following lines indicate otherwise. As it turns out, quarrels are also needed, truth is born in them, and discontent spills out. And also "after a quarrel so full, so gentle return of love and participation" ...
So subtly, unusually portrayed in a poetic line his relations N. A. Nekrasov. Poems about love (the “Panaevsky cycle” contains only a part of them, many died irrevocably in the burned letters to Avdotya) reveal feelings from all sides. And although love is not always beautiful and serene, but its sweetness must alternate with bitterness, otherwise neither the first nor the second taste will be palpable.
Lyrical hero of the cycle
Without even delving into the literary methods of analyzing the cycle, we can safely say that the lyrical hero is not an abstract or collective image, but the spiritual embodiment of the poet himself. This emphasizes the epistolary style of poetry (poetry resembles the poet's letters to his beloved). The cycle is a kind of diary of the poet; it was created over the decades, reflecting the spiritual quest, maturity and growing up of the author.
The emotions of the lyrical hero are constantly changing depending on his feelings and the mood of his beloved.
He is "sad and gloomy", then "cheerful." The biography of the cycle gives us the opportunity to trace the development of the poet’s relationship with Avdotya, their ups and downs, experiences of adversity together and separately. This is the colossal value of the cycle, thanks to him we have the opportunity to learn about the poet's dramatic crazy feelings for his only muse in life.
The image of a beloved woman
The central image of the collection is the lyrical hero. Many critics are not afraid to identify him with the poet himself; the biography and “photographic nature” of feelings and thoughts in poems are too great. But no less important is the second main character - the only muse of the poet Avdotya Panayev.
The first poem of the series “You are always incomparably good” portrays the poet’s beloved as bright, tender and witty (“your cheerful, mocking mind”). Researchers of Nekrasov’s work call this poem the lightest and most tender. But this is only the beginning.
The “Panaevsky cycle” by Nekrasov, the list of verses of which reaches two dozen published works, in each poetry contains a different image of the main character.
“It was inevitable to part, and now I am happy for you” - these lines show the relationship in a different light. There will be many such partings and quarrels, but the poet and his muse will survive many troubles and sorrows together, their love will give them the strength to conquer life and pettiness.
The image of the lyrical heroine of the cycle is constantly changing. This woman is kind and gentle, but her hardships make her harder and harder. Before Nekrasov, few were able to reflect such profound changes in the characters of heroes in poetry.
One of the poems of the cycle calls the once young and tender Panaeva a sufferer. "Sufferer! You are standing before me a beautiful ghost ”- these poetic lines show a vulnerable woman with a tormented heart. From a light, cheerful girl, the heroine turned into a "ghost." Why it happened is now difficult to say. Love can not only resurrect, but also hurt.
Cycle features
Features of the "Panaevsky cycle" Nekrasov consist in his frankness and subtlest psychologism. The poet with a wave of a pen exposes the most secret feelings and emotions.
A striking difference between these works is poetry and the prose of love going hand in hand. Romantic sublime feelings resonate, are replaced by realistic, sometimes even naturalistic details.
The higher the take-off, the stronger the drop. The "Panaevsky cycle" became a peculiar revelation of the poet.
Another feature of the cycle is drama and epicity that are unusual for poetry. The peculiar love epic of Nekrasov carries many plot lines and feelings.
Among other means of expression, the poet applied an interesting technique - polyphony. This is the sound of two or more voices of lyrical heroes. In poems there are dialogues of the author with his inner voice, a dialogue of thoughts and feelings, the imaginary conversation of the poet and her beloved.
It is also worth noting the subtle psychologism and versatility of the experiences of the heroes of the poems. Their inner drama was caused not only by personal emotions, but also by the constant pressure of society, for which their love was criminal and incomprehensible.
"Panaevsky cycle" by Nekrasov and "Denisievsky cycle" by Tyutchev
Despite the vivid originality of the collection, in the annals of Russian poetry there is a similar collection of another great poet. It's about the "Denisievsky cycle" Fedor Tyutchev.
The poet also devoted this cycle to his beloved woman - Elena Alexandrovna Denisieva. This girl was a student at the Smolny Institute, where the daughter of Tyutchev studied. Twenty years of age difference and the family of Fedor Ivanovich did not become an obstacle to the all-consuming passion and love between these different people. Their feelings gave rise to many condemnations and discussions in society, but only the disease that took the life of a very young Elena was able to separate them.
Like Nekrasov’s Panaevsky Cycle, Denisyevsky Cycle is dedicated to sincere and strong love that changes a person, ennobles and exalts his feelings.
In July 1850, when Tyutchev first met his Elena, a poem appeared "Lord, send your joy ...". Here the lyrical hero prays for love and compares himself with the poor bereaved sun who sees a rich fresh garden and dreams of getting there. This allegory has a deep hidden meaning. The poet associates himself with a beggar who does not enjoy the pleasures of the rich. He understands that the garden is alien, but he prays for "joy."
Very little is known about Elena Denisieva. But her name in history and literature lives thanks to poems dedicated to the poet.
Comparative analysis of the cycles of N. Nekrasov and F. Tyutchev
These collections, united by one theme, have a lot in common. Both cycles are dedicated to the beloved woman, in each of them various feelings are described, sometimes completely contradictory to each other in the same poem.
Like the “Panaevsky cycle” by Nekrasov (an analysis of which can be seen above), the “Denisievsky cycle” reveals the most unexpected aspects of life. “Oh, how deadly we love” by Tyutchev and “You and I are stupid people” by Nekrasov, for example, reveal the theme of love, which perishes in quarrels and prejudices, condemnation and misunderstanding.
In both cycles, the idea of ​​reciprocal feelings is also revealed (“Lord, send your joy” to F. Tyutchev and “Long ago - rejected by you” by N. Nekrasov).
Despite the serious similarities, there are many differences in these pearls of poetry. For example, Nekrasov wrote the cycle "Panaevsky" with a lighter and more airy syllable. The poet used a simple and understandable language. Fedor Tyutchev prefers a more melodic, lyrical style, in which you can optionally trace the features of anacreontic and pastoral poetry.
Each of these cycles carries its own baggage of feelings and emotions. Nekrasov created the Panaevsky cycle under intense social oppression. The rejection of society and its condemnation were common for poets, which did not prevent their feelings for their beloved women from blooming, but they very much exhausted and tormented their hearts. Both novels - Nekrasov with Panaeva and Tyutcheva with Denisyeva - were incomprehensible to their contemporaries.
The fates of poets and their loved ones were different. Given that both cycles are biographical, one should not expect the identity of love stories.
Finally
For almost a decade and a half Nekrasov created love poems. The "Panaevsky cycle" is unusually bright, biographical in nature and light authorial speech made this collection a real gem of Russian poetry. This is a poetic collection of individual poems, but if you read it in chronological order, it seems that we have a real novel. There is love and separation, happiness and bitterness, warmth and cold, passion and serenity. The lyrical heroes of the cycle change over time, they grow up and become more tolerant, wiser. This collection reflects love itself, not a decade long, but life.