After the adoption of a moratorium on the death penalty in Russia, life imprisonment became the death penalty for criminals. We offer you to find out how and where people are sentenced by the court to imprisonment until the end of their days.
What are the conditions for a life sentence?
The court decides on this type of punishment for committing particularly serious acts that infringe on public safety or people's lives. It applies only to males. Women, underage youths who committed crimes before the age of 18, men over sixty-five years of age and in other cases provided for by law shall not be assigned a life term.
The highest degree of punishment shall not be imposed in the case of the conclusion of a cooperation agreement with the defendant prior to the consideration of the case in court, for an unfinished crime and when a jury passes a verdict of leniency.
Early release
UDO for life-sentenced prisoners is appointed by the court, provided that the person has served in “places not so distant” for at least 25 years and does not need further detention. The term may be calculated from the moment of detention as a measure of restraint or entry into legal force of a sentence. At the same time, the convict should not have malicious violations during the previous 36 months. If a prisoner has committed a grave or especially grave act during the period of serving a sentence, then he does not have the right to be released on parole.
If a person was denied parole, he has the right to resubmit only three years later.
What crimes are sentenced to life
Convicted persons receive such punishment for the following actions:
1. Aggravated homicide.
2. Hostage taking or sabotage, which entailed causing death to a person intentionally.
3. An attack on the life of a person who carried out a preliminary investigation, justice, a law enforcement officer, a public or statesman.
4. The terrorist act.
5. The genocide.
6. Actions related to the management, creation and organization of criminal gangs.
Content
In what conditions are such prisoners kept? The colony for life prisoners has a special regime for serving sentences. In such institutions, they are separate from other criminals.
Life-sentenced prisoners are placed in cell-type rooms. Usually no more than two people. A convicted person may also be held in solitary confinement if there is a threat to personal safety. The decision to transfer to solitary confinement is made by the head of the correctional colony in the form of a resolution.
Every day convicts have the right to walk. Its duration is one and a half hours. If the prisoner's good behavior is noted, the walk can be extended up to two hours. Convicts are allowed to receive one parcel and one parcel or transfer during the year. During this period, they may have two short-term dates. It is allowed to receive and spend a certain amount of money on a monthly basis for the purchase of essentials, food, etc.
The first ten years, the maintenance of life-sentenced prisoners takes place in strict conditions. If during this time the prisoner has not received any penalties for violation of order, he will be transferred to the usual conditions of serving another ten years. After this period, he is entitled to lighter conditions of detention.
Convicted persons have the right to self-education for life. The necessary conditions are created for this. They do not have the right to receive a general education, and they are trained in vocational training for work at work.
Where are life sentenced prisoners
Now in Russia there are five correctional colonies for such prisoners, the unofficial names of which are listed below.
1. "Black Dolphin" - a colony designed for one thousand six hundred convicts. Located in the Orenburg region, in Sol-Iletsk.
2. The "Polar Owl" is located in the village of Kharp, Tyumen Region, in the Yamal-Nenets District.
3. "White Swan" - built in the city of Solikamsk, Perm Territory.
4. "Black Golden Eagle" - the colony is designed for two hundred places. Located in the village of Lozvinsky, Ivdelsky district, Sverdlovsk region.
5. "Vologda Penny" - located in the village of Novoozero of Tierra del Fuego.
Where life-sentenced prisoners sit, separate special sections may be created. For example, one of them is located in Mordovia.
All colonies apply special security measures and are constructed in such a way as to exclude all possible escape options. Therefore, for the entire time the institutions existed, not a single criminal managed to escape from them.
Convicted for life. List of some prisoners
Now in Russia there are more than two thousand criminals sentenced to life punishment. All of them were found guilty of crimes committed by the court.
The following are life-sentenced convicts, the list of which is not exhaustive, but the perpetrators of the crimes, as well as their acts themselves, are the most famous.
1. Altukhov Roman - convicted in 2004 for the murder of a judge who had sentenced him to six years earlier.
2. Bidiev Yakub Akhmetovich - punished (2000) for a series of murders and terrorist attacks. He was the closest assistant to Shamil Basayev.
3. Borovkov Alexander Alekseevich - convicted in 2003 for organizing a criminal group of “black realtors” who committed fifteen murders.
4. Galiakberov Radik Ravilievich - leader of the organized criminal group “Hadi Taktash” (convicted in 2002).
5. Ganiev Rustam Sulumbekovich - a terrorist. In 2005, he was convicted of organizing a military bus bombing in Mozdok.
6. Gerashchenko Alexander Viktorovich - a serial killer. He was convicted in 2008 of killing seven people.
7. Grechushkin Vladimir Mikhailovich - was punished for taking the life of his adopted son in 2009.
8. Guryanov Vladimir - serial killer. He was tried in 2010 for killing thirteen people.
9. Korolev Nikolay Valentinovich - convicted in 2008 for organizing an explosion at the Cherkizovsky market in 2006.
10. Pischikov Denis Sergeevich - took the lives of thirteen pensioners.
11. Pichushkin Alexander Yuryevich - convicted in 2007 for killing, according to various sources, from forty-eight to sixty-three people.
12. Ustinovich Mikhail Ivanovich - the leader of the criminal group and the organizer of the gang. He was tried in 1996 for killing four people and committing more than twenty raids.
13. Chuprin Andrey - convicted in 2008 for the murder of a four-year-old girl.
Basic rights
Life-sentenced prisoners in Russia can count on receiving information from the colony administration about their rights and about changing conditions or the order of detention, as well as courteous treatment from the colony staff. Prisoners shall not be subjected to degrading treatment or punishment, with the exception of the options provided by law. They are allowed to make statements, complaints or suggestions to the colony administration, the court, the prosecution authorities, the Commissioner for Human Rights, the Rights of the Child or the Commissioner under the President of Russia, etc. Correspondence is not prohibited. They can count on medical, psychological, social assistance and legal assistance.
Main responsibilities
Convicted persons have the following duties for life:
1. To comply with the requirements of the law and regulatory legal acts.
2. Follow the rules of conduct, sanitary rules.
3. To comply with the requirements of the colony administration and the bodies executing the punishment that are not contrary to law.
4. Be courteous to staff, convicts and other persons visiting the facility.
5. Are obliged to appear at the call of the administration of the colony and the bodies executing the punishment.
Colony "Vologda nickel"
How are life-sentenced prisoners held in this institution? Once a former monastery, and now a correctional colony of the special regime “Vologda Penny” is one of the most stringent in terms of isolation and security. In the colony, prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment with increased requirements and special restrictions.
The prisoners are two people in a cell, where during the day it is forbidden to go to bed and sit down on the bed. They wear special clothes. During walks, visiting toilets, baths and other places, any contact with convicts from other cells is excluded. All actions are carried out exclusively with the permission or by order of the overseer. Mass events - sports competitions, vocational and school education, watching movies is not carried out. Various investigative measures, for example, a search in the cell, are carried out under the supervision of at least three employees of the colony. Convicts are allowed short visits for several hours. When you withdraw from the cell, the prisoner is in handcuffs. In the colony, convicts are sewing mittens. For this, special cameras for two people are reserved.
Colony "White Swan"
How do life-sentenced prisoners live in this institution? The colony is designed for five hundred and ten people. It is an institution of a special regime, has seen more than one escape, each of which ended in failure.
In the cells of the colony the convicts are held one, two or three people each. The administration of the institution settles them, depending on the psychological compatibility established by a professional psychologist. Prisoners are allowed to shower on Fridays and take walks daily for one hour. Convicts are forbidden to work and study.
The colony for life prisoners is equipped with trained dogs, powerful barriers, barbed wire and a fence. This excludes any escape options.