A subjective portrait gives an idea of the forensic physical appearance of a person. When accused or suspected of criminal acts hide from places where events occurred, investigators need their description. They receive details about the appearance from the participants in the incident in various accessible ways. The source of the subjective portrait can be a witness, a victim or collected materials in the protocol of investigation.
Display types
Investigating a crime is a complex process. The investigator will:
- find the person whom witnesses saw at this time;
- take a description to make a subjective portrait;
- send to operational services;
- prove the involvement of the suspect.
There are several types of images, with the help of which they get an idea of the face, figure, created in the imagination and consciousness of third parties. A person can:
- draw;
- combine drawings with compositions in separate fragments;
- create a look with the help of photographs;
- make up for the desired image.
Each subjective portrait is a meticulous work of criminologists. They perform all stages of processing, adjusting and picking to complete perfection.
Characteristics
Success in capturing a criminal dangerous to society depends on the work of specialists. The presentation of the appearance gives already at the first stage of the investigation the exclusion of a legal error in the conviction of an innocent.
Drawing up a subjective portrait takes place in various ways, it can be:
- Drawn on a piece of paper according to an eyewitness account. The artist transfers the basic physiological features of appearance.
- Photo compositional. The witness, using fragments of areas of the face that he passes to the specialist, restores the appearance, indicates a section of the eyes, the shape of the auricles, nose, lips. As a result of the collected elements, the subjective portrait is clarified, on the basis of which the search and identification of the wanted person will be organized.
- Compositionally hand-drawn. Create the face of a deceased person to identify the missing citizen by the skeleton. Intact tissues are sketched, areas missing from decomposition are completed, work is performed similarly to the process of creating a photobot.
Forensic scientists also form live compositions. According to the story of growth, the shape of the legs and arms, the torso finds a similar model. Stylists work on it, select clothes, shoes, make a hairstyle.
First stage of manufacturing
A subjective portrait of a criminal allows excluding innocent citizens from suspects. To begin the preparatory phase:
- examine the witness;
- get his personality profile;
- examine under what conditions an eyewitness formed an image;
- create convenient conditions for the procedure;
- capture the first impressions of the look.
This completes the technical preparation for production.
The final stage
A subjective portrait of a person gives a volume of information to the search service with specifics in the work. The manufacture is carried out in detail, at the second stage, a variant of the appearance of the wanted subject is obtained. According to the witness, the sketches are corrected, and dubious places are specified. When the installation is evaluated by the participant in the procedure, it will be approved for further work. At the end of registration, they complete the work:
- make a certificate;
- apply a photo table;
- place intermediate and final photos.
The document is signed by everyone who participated in the work.
What are the rules for the process?
The concept of subjective portrait includes enormous significance for the investigation. A similar way of reflecting the external appearance conveys it to the accuracy of photographs. The production stages are carried out in accordance with the rules:
- descriptions are arbitrary and ordered;
- the eyewitness account must contain certainty, accuracy;
- use common terminology;
- close to the standard appearance;
- transmit gender, age;
- start the description from top to bottom;
- highlight special signs.
When a witness transmits the first data in the guise of an unknown person, for the inquiry officer such descriptions serve as the beginning of an investigation. In the future, information will increase, additional information will be obtained, in grains, until the case is opened.
What are the signs to consider?
Using a subjective portrait makes it possible to provide the search and investigation with an idea of the appearance of a disappeared person. He will become a criminal if a court establishes a similar fact, and the investigator proves his involvement. The problem in applying information from an eyewitness account is its reliability. Experts will have analytical work to study all the signs that reflect subjective and objective factors. Special signs include the anatomical or functional differences of a person:
- overt congenital, acquired deformity;
- the presence of scars;
- the location and shape of birthmarks, warts, tattoos;
- lack of limbs;
- different lengths of arms and legs.
Giving a description of the physiological shortcomings of the suspected and wanted citizen, the artist creates the basis for the mental imagination of the future portrait.
Key features
To complete the subjective picture, it is necessary to collect the main human parameters:
- anatomical;
- functional;
- special signs;
- additional features.
General physical signs characterize the body of a citizen. Give an exact definition:
- age
- male or female;
- skin color by racial type;
- complexion;
- mark the structure in parts;
- foot size.
Functional features include features:
- gait
- facial expressions;
- habitual gestures;
- distinctive moments of speech.
By additional external signs, the investigator learns about the characteristic features of the personality, its habits and addictions:
- by clothes;
- shoes;
- jewelry;
- accessories;
- canes;
- bag.
Sometimes it is important for the interrogating officer to know in what manner the person being searched is wearing clothes, whether he is neat or messy, fat or thin. For descriptions, it is acceptable to call the average height, the weight, which is considered for men or women. Similar documents — drawn, photographed, and complex — are used when a person is registered for criminal investigation, identifying living people and the dead. Identification is carried out in the following ways:
- identify a person by presented portrait;
- match appearance with materials;
- comparing the image with the original photograph.
It is not a fact that, having only sketches of the face of a criminal element on hand, the inquirer will open the case, practice so far shows the opposite. If the materials are stored in the archive, there is hope that someday the offender will “light up”, the chain of unlawful acts for the entire period will be revealed, and the figure will serve as additional evidence of the former “exploits”.