The first theatrical productions were once staged right on the street. Basically, the performances were staged artists. They could sing, dance, put on various costumes, depicting animals. Everyone did what he did best. A new kind of art gradually developed, the actors improved their skills.
The first theater in the world
The word "theater" in Greek means a venue for the spectacle and the spectacle itself. The first such cultural institution, allegedly, originated in Greece. It happened in the V-IV centuries BC. e. This era is called the "classic." Classical art is characterized by harmony and balance in all elements and components. The ancient Greek theater appeared due to the worship of various gods.
The Dionysus Theater is the oldest theater building. The god of winemaking, vegetation and nature was highly revered by the ancient Greeks. Dionysus was dedicated to cult rites, which gradually grew into real tragedies and comedies. Ritual festivities turned into real theatrical performances. The structure was an open space. Spectators were originally located in wooden places. Theatrical art was so revered in ancient Greece that the poor were given money by the authorities for performances. It was forbidden to watch productions for married women.
The first temple of art had three main parts:
- orchestra - dancers and a choir performed on it;
- auditorium - located around the orchestra;
- the building of the walls, where the rooms for the artists were located.
There was no curtain and familiar scene, and all female roles were played by men. The actors changed the role several times in one performance, so they had to dance and sing perfectly. The appearance of the actors was changed with the help of masks. Near the construction was the temple of Dionysus.
The ancient theater laid the foundations and essence of the modern. The closest in genre can be called drama theater. Over time, more and more different genres appeared.
Theatrical genres
Theatrical genres in the modern world are so diverse. This art synthesizes literature, music, choreography, vocals, and visual art. They express various emotions and situations. Humanity is constantly evolving. In this regard, a variety of genres appear. They depend on the country in which they are emerging, on the cultural development of the population, on the mood of the audience and their needs.
We list some types of genres: drama, comedy, monodrama, vaudeville, extravaganza, parody, mime, farce, morality, pastoral, musical, tragicomedy, melodrama and others.
The genres of theatrical art cannot compete with each other. They are interesting each in their own way. Spectators who love the opera theater are no less pleased to attend the comedy theater.
The most popular types of theater genres are drama, comedy, tragicomedy, musical, parody and vaudeville.
In the drama you can see both tragic and comic moments. It is always very interesting to watch the work of actors here. The roles of this genre are not simple and easily involve the viewer in empathy and analysis.
Comedy productions have a main goal - to cause laughter in the viewer. To ridicule certain situations, actors also have to try hard. After all, the viewer must believe them! Comedy roles are as difficult to play as dramatic ones. At the same time, the element of satire makes viewing the performance easier.
Tragedy is always associated with a conflict situation, which the production talks about. This genre was one of the first to appear in ancient Greece. Just like comedy.
The musical has a lot of fans. It is always a vivid action with dancing, songs, an interesting plot and a bit of humor. The second name of this genre is musical comedy. He appeared in the USA at the end of the 19th century.
Varieties
Types of theaters are directly related to the genres that are presented in them. Although they express not so much a genre as a form of acting. We list some of them:
- operatic;
- dramatic;
- Puppet Theatre;
- theater of the absurd ;
- children’s;
- author's;
- theater of one actor;
- theater of light;
- musical comedy;
- satire theater;
- theater of poetry;
- dance theater;
- pop;
- theater of robots;
- ballet;
- theater of animals;
- theater of disabled people;
- serf;
- shadow play;
- pantomime theater;
- song theater;
- street.
Opera and Ballet Theatre
Opera and ballet appeared in Italy during the Renaissance. The first opera house appeared in Venice in 1637. Ballet was formed as a separate theater genre in France, transformed from dancing at court. Very often these types of theaters are combined in one place.
The opera and ballet are accompanied by a symphony orchestra. Music becomes an integral part of these productions. She conveys the mood, the atmosphere of everything that happens on stage and emphasizes the performances of the actors. Opera singers work with voice and emotions, and ballet dancers convey everything through movement. Opera and ballet theaters are always the most beautiful theatrical institutions. They are located in the richest city buildings with unique architecture. Luxurious furnishings, a beautiful curtain, large orchestral pits - this is how it looks from the inside.
Theatre of Drama
Here, the main place is given to the actors and the director. It is they who create the characters' characters, transforming into the necessary images. The director conveys his vision and leads the team. The drama theater is called the theater of "experiences." K.S. Stanislavsky wrote his works, studying the work of dramatic actors. In drama theaters, not only performances are put on - plays with complex plots. The drama theater includes comedies, musicals and other musical performances in its repertoire. All productions are based only on dramatic literature.
Theater for every taste
The musical theater is a place where you can watch any of the theatrical performances. It puts on operas, comedies, operettas, musicals and all those performances in which there is a lot of music. There are artists of the choir and ballet, musicians and actors. The musical theater combines the theater of opera, ballet, and the operetta theater. Any kind of theatrical art associated with pop or classical music can find its fans in this theater.
Puppet show
This is a special place. Here you plunge into the world of childhood and joy. The decor here is always colorful, attracting the attention of the smallest viewers. Puppet theater is often the first theater in which children fall. And the future attitude of the kid to the theater depends on what impression he will make on the inexperienced viewer. A variety of theatrical activities is based on the use of various types of dolls.
Recently, puppeteers do not hide behind screens, but interact with puppets on stage. This idea belongs to the famous S.V. Obraztsov. He put on a glove doll named Tyapa and played great on the miniature stage, acting as his father.
The origins of this type of theater are far away in ancient Greece. Creating dolls for ceremonies, people did not know that this would develop into real art. Puppet theater is not only an introduction to art, but also a method of psychological correction for the smallest.
Comedy theater
Combined actors who know how to sing and dance. They should easily get used to comedy images and not be afraid to be funny. Very often you can see "Drama and Comedy Theaters", "Musical Comedy Theaters." The combination of several genres in one theater does not interfere with preserving its color. The repertoire may include operettas, satirical comedies, musicals, dramas, musical performances for children. People go to the comedy theater with pleasure. The hall is always full.
Variety theater
Replenished the types of theaters relatively recently. And immediately fell in love with the viewer. The first pop theater appeared in the middle of the last century. They became the theater in Leningrad, which was opened in 1939. In 2002, he was called "Variety Theater. A. I. Raikin. " Pop artists include contemporary singers, dancers, and leading artists. Entertainers are show business stars, dancers and showmen, as they are now called.
At pop theaters, they often hold recitals, concerts dedicated to some memorable dates, and plays by contemporary authors. Comedians conduct concerts here, stage comic strips, and performances on classical works. Musical theater can offer similar performances.
Satire Theater
Very loved by the audience! Since its inception, he reflected the lives of citizens, showed all the shortcomings and ridiculed them. Actors were always known by sight, they perfectly performed comic roles not only on stage, but also in films. Satire theaters have always been in the forefront of those who were forbidden to stage certain productions. This was due to censorship. Making fun of the negative aspects of human behavior, it was often possible to cross the line of permissibility. The bans only attracted even more viewers. The magnificent actors of the theater of satire, which are well known: A. A. Mironov, Olga Aroseva, Spartak Mishulin, Mikhail Derzhavin, Nina Kornienko, Alexander Shirvindt. Thanks to these people, satire theaters have become loved by the audience.
Over time, there are types of theaters that are either long forgotten or completely unlike anything existing.
New trends
New types of art temples surprise the most sophisticated viewer. Not so long ago, the first Robot Theater appeared in Poland. It is played by robot actors who convey their emotions with eyes and gestures. The performances are designed so far for children, but the project managers intend to constantly expand the repertoire.
In the summer, theatrical performances overlook the street. It has already become a tradition. This year, many festivals were held in the open. Directly near the theaters, small stages were built, on which the play was fully played out. Even opera and ballet artists are already going beyond the theater to attract as many spectators as possible.