An important indicator of the state of law and order is the structure and number of crimes against the individual. During the Soviet period, more than forty people were arrested for multiple murders with inhuman cruelty. After 1991, the number of serial maniacs increased. However, the most terrible crimes were committed in the second half of the last century. Maniacs of Russia and the USSR - this person, most of whom went down in the history of Russian forensics and psychiatry. How does a person become a serial killer? And how does he manage to commit an unthinkable number of crimes and not be caught?
Who is a serial maniac?
This term refers to a person with specific mental abnormalities. These disorders entail the emergence and development of non-standard behavior, unnatural and unjustified aggression. But, having similar mental deviations, a person remains sane. His state of mind is somewhere on the verge of health and illness.
Most of the people on the list of āSerial maniacs and killers of the USSR and Russiaā were people who were quite normal in appearance. They did not belong to asocial elements. These people had a family, work, education. It is noteworthy that it was precisely the most terrible and famous maniacs of Russia and the USSR in their public and personal life that made such a favorable impression on those around that neither relatives, nor work colleagues, nor just acquaintances could believe in their guilt.
The scariest killer of the 20th century
When it comes to such a criminal phenomenon as the maniacs of Russia and the USSR, the first surname that comes to mind is Chikatilo. This serial killer has been operating for twelve years. On his account, only according to official data, fifty-three victims. His name became almost a household word.
Andrei Chikatilo was an exemplary family man, had a prestigious job and two higher educations. In his personal life, he was a gentle and harmless person. Had a wife, children. But this man for many years kept the entire Rostov region in fear. The actions performed by him on the victims were particularly cruel against the backdrop of other similar crimes committed by other maniacs of Russia and the USSR. Photos of tormented bodies numbed even experienced investigators.
Operation "Forest Belt"
In 1984, twelve mutilated bodies were discovered in the Rostov Region. These were not the first and not the last victims of an unknown maniac. The handwriting of the crimes was one: many stab wounds, traces of sexual violence. All said that the dead are victims of the same person. But the actions taken by an unknown criminal did not lend themselves to any logical explanation.
In Russian forensics at that time, we can say that there was no such thing as a āserial maniacā. For a long time, investigators had no idea what a psychological portrait of a criminal is. It was customary to search for suspects among people suffering from drug and alcohol addiction. Police officers also believed that the killer could be a person registered with a psychiatric dispensary or having a criminal record. Several similar citizens were arrested. One of them was even sentenced to death. But the matter still did not advance. The number of victims grew.
Maniacs of Russia and the USSR are people who committed serious bloody crimes in different periods. The search for each of them took years, and sometimes decades. Andrei Chikotilo is the first in whose case psychiatrists took part. For the first time that the author of inconceivable acts is a completely successful representative of a social society, said Alexander Bukhanovsky. His version seemed improbable to the investigator. But it was precisely thanks to the psychological portrait created by the Soviet and Russian psychiatrist that in 1990 Chikatilo was not only detained, but also made a confession.
Theory of Bukhanovsky
Based on the work of the terrible serial killer, the psychiatrist was able to unravel one of the most complex and deepest secrets of the human psyche. Where do manic inclinations come from? How to recognize a serial killer in a huge mass of people? Alexander Bukhanovsky dealt with these issues most of the time during which Chikatilo operated. Thanks to the research of a psychiatrist, the criminal heading the list, entitled "The most terrible maniacs and serial killers of Russia", was arrested.
Based on the geography of the crimes and the behavior of the victims, Bukhanovsky said that the maniac is neither a marginal nor a patient in a psychiatric hospital. He is completely ordinary. The criminal has the appearance of a successful person, intelligent manners, which inspires confidence in his future victims. A maniac made him an innate tendency to violence, an inability to dominate his personal life and the cruelty that he experienced as a child.
As a result of many years of work, Bukhanovsky proved that maniacs in Russia and other countries are people suffering from severe mental illness. This disease, like others, can and should be treated. However, this must be done, undoubtedly, when the patient has not yet had time to realize his unhealthy fantasies. The psychiatrist also developed a theory according to which it is possible to identify manic tendencies and begin treatment, thereby preventing the patient from becoming a killer and a sadist.
The first serial maniac
If you make a list of "Maniacs of Russia and the USSR" in accordance with a temporary chronology, Vasily Komarov will head it. More than thirty men became his victims in the twenties. The police, newly created in those days, carried out colossal work on the search for a serial maniac. At the trial, Komarov claimed that the motive for his crimes was self-interest. But this version seemed unlikely, since the killings almost brought him no profit. It was found that he committed them because of the severe form of alcoholism, which he suffered all his life, and the psychopathy discovered during a medical examination.
Komarovās case was quite loud. During the trial, the suspect behaved calmly, which terrified eyewitnesses. In addition to self-interest, according to Komarov himself, dislike towards representatives of a certain social layer prompted him to kill. āTo cleanse the earthā from speculators and dishonest people he considered a good deed. Komarovās personality, as well as many others that appear in the list of āSerial maniacs and killers of the USSR and Russiaā, confirms the version that such criminals commit their deeds, as a rule, during the revelry of socio-economic crimes. Such a period in Russian history was the twenties of the last century. A difficult situation in the social and economic life of Russia developed in the first decade after the collapse of the USSR. During this period, crime has increased incredibly. Considering some of the most high-profile cases, you can make an approximate list of maniacs in Russia.
90s serial killers
- Boris Bogdanov (15 victims).
- Vladimir Bychkov (9 victims).
- Irina Gaydamachuk (17 victims).
- Sergey Golovkin (11 victims).
- Nikolai Dudin (13 victims).
- Oleg Kuznetsov (10 victims).
- Vladimir Mirgorod (16 victims).
- Denis Pischikov (13 victims).
- Alexander Pichushkin (49 victims).
- Mikhail Popkov (22 victims).
Anatoly Onoprienko is a terrible maniac whose cruelty is comparable only to Chikotilo's atrocities. He did not enter the above list, since he began to commit his crimes back in the Soviet period. And after the collapse of the USSR, it operated on the territory of Ukraine. Onoprienko committed fifty-two murders. Among his victims were also children.
"Ukrainian beast"
Onoprienkoās childhood, like many bloodthirsty maniacs, was bleak. He spent some time in the orphanage. The youth of the future maniac passed pretty usually. He began his ācareerā with robberies and murders, which he carried out together with an accomplice. But later Onoprienko began to act independently.
The āUkrainian beastā committed its crimes in cold blood, āworkingā according to an established scheme: he certainly completed all his acts with arson. Like many other serial killers, in life he was an unremarkable man. The most bloodthirsty maniac in the history of Ukraine and one of the worst in the entire Soviet period had a common-law wife, who did not suspect at all that her chosen one was traveling around the country, cutting whole families and burning houses.
The most famous maniacs of Russia and the USSR made a positive impression in ordinary life. And this is the main danger. However, psychiatrists believe that it is possible to calculate a person with manic and sadistic inclinations by facial expressions, facial expressions and other signs. But the inattention and indifference inherent in most people allow the maniacs and sadists to hide their terrible inner world.
Woman maniac
In the list, which included the most terrible maniacs and serial killers of Russia, the last name Gaydamachuk is especially distinguished. The thing is that she belongs to a woman. The victims of Irina Gaydamachuk were single pensioners. In the eight years during which law enforcement officials tried to catch the perpetrator, seventeen elderly women died. The sums that Gaydamachuk took from the house of those killed did not exceed fifty thousand. A woman had never worked in her life, had two daughters, and, according to her own confessions, she was forced to take such extreme measures in order to feed her children.
Serial killer - criminal or crazy?
The list of maniacs of Russia and the USSR can conditionally be divided into two categories. In the first - sophisticated criminals. These killers have a high level of intelligence and have at least one higher education. The desire to assert oneself leads to the fact that in ordinary life they make a career, create families. And in another world, hidden from relatives and acquaintances, they realize their terrible secret desires.
The second category of maniacs can be attributed to more primitive personalities. They also kill for the sake of killing. But they commit their actions more calmly. Possessing a low level of intelligence and a poor spiritual world, they do not suffer and do not suffer from the acts committed by them. The split personality is not about them. They commit their killings not so much to satisfy unnatural desires, but because because of moral inferiority they do not consider these actions so terrible. Serial maniacs of the USSR and Russia are, as a rule, representatives of the second category. A striking example of the first is Andrei Chikatilo.
"Bitsevsky maniac"
The most famous maniacs of Russia and the USSR terrified normal people. For psychopaths, their terrible fame often served as an incentive for action. The hearing of the high-profile case of Chikatilo inspired the beginning killer Alexander Pichushkin to further crimes. He considered each of them for a long time and carefully.
The first victims of the āBitsa maniacā were mostly asocial personalities. Later, he switched to neighbors and acquaintances. During the trial, he admitted that it was especially pleasant for him to deal with people whom he personally knew. After the arrest, Pichushkin said that if he had remained at large, he would never have stopped killing. In 2007, a serial killer was sentenced to life imprisonment.
The phenomenon of the serial killer
The most famous maniacs of Russia are the subject of serious study of psychiatrists and forensic scientists. How and why can a person who is apparently absolutely normal make brutal and, at first glance, unmotivated killings?
The concept of a serial killer appeared for the first time in foreign forensics. Such a criminal periodically commits murders, breaks between which in psychiatry are called "emotional cooling." A maniac is experiencing some kind of addiction, like a drug or alcohol. He lives from murder to murder. By committing a crime, nonhumant receives moral and physical satisfaction, which he cannot achieve otherwise. Then he for some time forgets about his terrible secret fantasies and leads an absolutely normal open existence. But later comes a feeling of emptiness and a new sacrifice is required. The offender experiences sensations similar to drug withdrawal. Only another murder can save him from such torment. The interval between crimes has the peculiarity of decreasing over the years, and cruelty towards the victims is increasing.
Classification
Maniacs and killers of Russia can be, according to foreign terminology, divided into several types:
- Sexual
- Destroyers (such criminals can rob their victims, but in the first place in their actions is getting pleasure from torturing the victims).
- Mercantile (the main motive is material gain).
Based on the motive of the crime in psychiatry, another classification was created. Researchers have identified the following types:
- Hedonists (kill for pleasure).
- Power lovers (commit crimes with the aim of possessing a victim).
- Viziners (act according to the call of a certain voice, suffer from hallucinations).
- Missionaries (killing, trying to "improve the world").
Russian criminology
The achievements of foreign researchers, domestic psychiatrists began to use relatively recently. A huge contribution to this area was made by Alexander Bukhanovsky. The Russian scientist introduced the term "Chikatilo syndrome" into world psychiatry. The psychological portrait of such a serial maniac is a description of a person who, from childhood, was hostile and hostile from peers, grew up in an incomplete family, was a victim or witness to cruel acts. A sense of inferiority, combined with congenital mental deviations, after years turn an insecure quiet person into a cruel sadist.
Often the impetus for the first murder is a fatal incident. A similar situation is present in the biography of Anatoly Slivko, the Soviet serial killer maniac. Once, having witnessed the death of a boy, he felt that such a spectacle could bring him true pleasure. And, in a desire to have fun, which he could not achieve in any other way, he brutally killed seven teenage boys, filming his crimes on video.
Alexander Bukhanovsky believed that serial killers are primarily sick people. A special clinic was created in the walls of which teenagers and young people who show a tendency to violence are undergoing treatment. One of the patients was once Roman Emelyantsev, who stopped therapy at the age of twenty. The treatment was successful, the patient no longer showed sadistic inclinations. But only two years passed, and he was convicted of the murder of a woman and two children. This case has become unique to world criminology: a psychiatrist diagnosed a serial killer long before he committed his first crime.
"Maniacs of Russia" - a list consisting of names, the number of which could be less. The fate of his potential victims depends on the parents and close circle of the teenager, showing sadistic inclinations. In many cases, the social environment and domestic violence turn a person into a serial killer. The number of victims of the held maniac often increases due to the negligence of investigators. Having committed more than twenty murders, the most bloodthirsty maniac of the last century, Andrei Chikatilo, was detained, but was soon released by mistake. Impunity gave strength to the killer. The list of his victims has been increased by thirty names.