Civil capacity - the ability to carry out through one’s own actions, and at the same time to acquire various civil rights, create certain duties and, of course, fulfill them. When do citizens become capable? Then, when emancipation is performed or they reach adulthood, that is, eighteen years of age.
The concept of legal capacity should not be confused with the concept of legal capacity. The fact is that legal capacity is only an opportunity to have rights, but not to acquire them. A competent person is from birth.
Under the emancipation is understood the procedure for declaring a sixteen year old fully capable. Its reasons are various: marriage, work under an employment contract, and so on.
The legal capacity of minors who have not reached the age of 14 years (they are also called minors) is small. Transactions for them can only be done by parents. All this is due to the fact that people who have not reached the above age do not yet have a formed psyche and can not really distinguish the right from the wrong.
Of course, no one compares a child of three years old with one who is already twelve. It is believed that the first stage of growing up begins with six years. Up to this age, legal capacity is zero; upon its achievement, the right to make small (only small) domestic transactions appears. They should not be connected with the need for notarization, as well as with obtaining material benefits. They aim to meet everyday standard needs. In total they are insignificant.
Juveniles have every right to dispose of the means presented to them by someone. With all this, control by legal representatives can only be indirect.
Juveniles, in fact, do not have legal capacity. This means that they are not responsible for their actions. Who is responsible for them? Of course, legal representatives.
What happens when you reach the age of 14? From minors they turn into minors. Their legal capacity increases. With the consent of legal representatives, they can make any kind of transaction.
Starting from the age of 14, citizens begin to freely dispose of their own earnings. They can also obtain copyright for any works of art, science, invention, and so on created by them.
The legal capacity of minors in this case allows them to even become members of cooperatives. In some cases, they may be participants in an employment relationship. Note that minors can engage in certain specific types of work even from the age of six. It's about circus activities, the film industry, and so on.
The legal capacity of minors in this case is called partial. From the age of 14 they are responsible for the harm done. Of course, in most cases, legal representatives compensate him, but this is not so important, since a minor is recognized as responsible anyway.
Partial legal capacity of minors makes them responsible for their actions, which means that they can be convicted under the Criminal Code. It should be noted that for some crimes, criminal liability has already begun since the age of fourteen.
Eighteen years is the same age at which a person is fully legally competent. Mental maturity does not matter here. Can a person be further limited in legal capacity? Yes maybe. For example, due to a severe mental disorder. Recognize him legally incapable is only a court.