In the modern world, programming is one of the most prosperous branches of technological progress. The need to work with programs is not in doubt, since at present almost any activity is computerized. That is why good programmers are very much appreciated both in Russia and abroad.
Briefly about programming languages
A programming language is a system of interconnected characters necessary for writing computer programs. In addition, there is a set of rules that affect the appearance of the program. Depending on these rules, the computer performs computational processes or controls objects. This method of compiling programs is intended solely for human-computer interaction.
There are two main types of programming languages:
- Standard (a set of elements representing its syntax and semantics).
- Implementation of the standard (the software itself, allowing to ensure the operation of the standard).
Despite the power and versatility of the currently existing languages, not a single syntax is universal. The variety of systems forces us to invent new variants of languages. The proliferation of multi-core processors and mobility have created a new job for developers.
Historical reference
Since the creation of the first electronic computers, about eight thousand languages have been invented for programming. And now they continue to be created almost daily. True, many of them are known only to the creators themselves, but some of them are available for use by millions of people.
The origins of programming date back to the nineteenth century. To some extent, programmable devices include, for example, looms and mechanical pianos. The principle of managing them was based on instructions that can be considered a prototype of current programming languages, only very simplified and primitive.
The founder of the creation of programming languages is Ada Augusta Lovelace, a British mathematician who, in the mid-nineteenth century, wrote a program for calculating Bernoulli numbers intended for the Charles Babbage analytical machine . It is she who is considered the first programmer, in honor of the mathematician they also named one of the programming languages.
The basics
With the development of technical industries, it became necessary to create programs that control the processes of computing, creating something. From here, a wide variety of programming languages began to appear.
Here is some of them:
- Assembler is a low-level language designed to communicate directly with equipment.
- BASIC - the easiest to program; needed for the initial mastery of automation tools.
- "Kobol" - a high level; used to solve economic problems.
- "Fortran" - a high level; was created to algorithmize computational problems.
- "Hell" - a high level; Designed to automate process control (named after Ada Lovelace).
- Pascal - was designed to teach programming.
- C and C ++ is a universal language for solving any problems; it is based on the requirements of a system programmer.
Popular languages
The popularity rating of RedMonk programming languages is based on a GitHub rating and discussions on the StackOverflow website. For 2016, this list is as follows:
- Javascript
- Java
- PHP
- Python
- C #
- C ++.
Judging by the rating, the most popular are languages such as JavaScript and Java. This is not surprising, because they are built into the Google Chrome and Safari browsers, which are very often used by many people on the planet. In addition, these tools are involved in the most popular programs AdobeAcrobat and Reader. This means that the rating of programming languages is based on the popularity of certain tools among users.
But according to the IEEESpectrum magazine, the most popular is C. It is followed by Java, Python and C ++. This sequence is determined by searching for results on special queries on well-known sites.
Tiobe Index
Tiobe is an index that allows you to determine the popularity and relevance (rating) of programming languages. The calculation is made according to search queries containing the name of a particular language.
The ranking of Tiobe programming languages is as follows: Java comes first, C comes second, and C ++ comes third. As of March 2016, Java occupied 25% of the market in popularity among other languages. The popularity of C decreased by 2% and amounted to 14%. ObjectiveC significantly lost its position, which is surprising, because it is the main one on the IPhone and iPad platforms. JavaScript is also losing its popularity, moving to the bottom of the list.
This rating of programming languages is subject to frequent changes, as it is formed depending on the interest of the target audience.
Commonly Used Languages
When creating the OS, it is impossible to predict what exactly the user will need. Sometimes it happens that the OS lacks a function that is not provided. It is for their creation that programming languages are needed, with the help of which special code is written and implemented. It is recognized by the computer and edits the program or creates an auxiliary. For such tasks, the most popular languages are C and C ++, as well as BASIC and Pascal. They usually create systems for Windows and DOS.
Languages for programming are divided into two groups:
- Client (JavaScript is the representative).
- Server-side (HTML is a good example).
By the way, it is HTML that tops the rating for using programming languages. Its advantages are easy recognition of HTML templates by any of the existing browsers. This language is basic, without its knowledge it is impossible to move on to higher levels of programming.
The demand for languages
The ranking of demand for programming languages is based on relevance in various fields of employment. Financial systems require complex and diverse tools for creating programs, such as Java and C #. But for web pages and similar programs you need a simple and laconic language, for example, JavaScript or Ruby.
In the field of employers, the most sought after is knowledge of SQL. On its basis, databases such as MySQL and Microsoft SQL were created, which are used by many large institutions. In addition, all Android and IOS phones have access to an SQL database called SQLite.
The rating of programming languages in this area gives the following list of demand: Java, JavaScript, C # and others.
Thus, we can conclude. The rating of programming languages in 2016 is presented by means very similar in popularity, use and relevance. But there are still differences, and the reason for this is the various requirements of individual areas of activity.