Diseases of the retina (fundus) are ranked among the most common diseases of human vision, which lie in wait for him throughout his life. Most often they appear after 45 years.
It is this age that becomes the turning point when the metabolism that occurs in the human body is rebuilt and takes a course on aging. Circulatory failure appears , affecting all organs and tissues, including the retina.
As a rule, there are no specific complaints specific to the fundus disease. Vision loss usually occurs when an eye disease has already formed enough, and the most affordable treatment is able to only stop the loss of vision, but not improve it.
Symptoms that should alert a person and push him to visit an ophthalmologist include changes such as:
- curvature and / or combination of letters when reading;
- the appearance of photopsies is light flashes and flickering sparks with closed eyes, appearing after physical exertion and / or eye movement;
- peripheral vision changes;
- visual impairment in the evening;
- violation of color perception;
- falling out of sight.
All these specific conditions suggest the presence of pathology from the retina.
Major fundus diseases
There are many diseases affecting the retina. But the most common are the following types:
1. Atrophy (death) of the optic nerve. This eye disease is characterized by the formation of inflammation of the main optic nerve, causing its regressive pathological changes. There is a significant decrease in vision, a decrease in the field of view. With an ophthalmoscopic examination, a dull optic disc is clearly visible.
2. Pigmentary dystrophy of the retina. With this disease, the formation of pigmented light foci, having the appearance of a star or a cell and located on the equator of the fundus.
This eye disease in the initial stage is characterized by a decrease in twilight vision. In the field of view , blind spots are formed , having the appearance of a ring. Gradually, the visual field narrows to a tube type, in which the patient can clearly see objects located strictly in the center. As the visual review narrows, there is a deterioration in visual acuity, and thinning of the blood vessels of the fundus occurs.
3. Central inflammation of the eye retina. This eye disease is accompanied by a pathological change in the retina associated with a spasm of the blood vessels passing through it.
At an early stage of the disease, visual impairments appear, localized in the center of the field of view, the objects in question seem to visually decrease, and temporary farsightedness develops.
The fundus is prone to blood vessel spasms and has a gray-red bulge in the macula.
Diagnosis of eye diseases
The modern development of ophthalmology makes it possible to carry out all the necessary studies required to establish an accurate diagnosis. Such studies include:
- the establishment of visual acuity (subjective or computer method);
- pressure measurement inside the eye;
- retinal examination;
- keratotopography;
- examination of the eyeball ;
- general electrophysiological studies;
- fluorescence digital angiography.
Modern diagnostic tools in ophthalmology not only help to make an accurate diagnosis, but also contribute to the control and effective management of the treatment of the disease.