Bullying is a common form of psycho-physical abuse.

According to statistics, people with physical, psychological superiority and power are prone to bullying. This phenomenon is common in the school, army environment. The moral form of bullying is found in families, at work (often sexually motivated), in institutions where people are in contact, there may be cases of bullying.

The essence of the concept

Bullying is the act of causing intentional harm done in the form of physical tyranny, verbal intimidation, moral humiliation, coercion and manipulation. Most psychologists are inclined to believe that a model of aggressive behavior can manifest itself in childhood due to improper upbringing or its absence.

In fact, the main forms of bullying are:

• verbal abuse
• intimidation by the use of physical force;
• insulting evil mockery;
• offensive behavior;
• psychological aggression;
• moral damaging behavior.

Usually, the initiators of bullying are people with a tendency to manifest superiority, domination, control, with an authoritarian character, prone to a quick transition from a calm state to anger, the use of physical strength and aggressive forms of behavior. As a rule, people from close circle (classmates, relatives, neighbors, co-workers) are bullied.

Concept according to the Criminal Code of Russia

The Russian Criminal Code defines five types of bullying:

1. The acts of victims who can provoke a state of passion (mockery, insult, evil mockery, ridicule of physical defects) in the person responsible for the murder - article 107 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
2. One of the aggravating circumstances when causing injury to health of grave and moderate severity is Article 111, 112 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
3. Actions provided for by the Criminal Code in case of unauthorized interactions of military personnel without a sign of subordination - Article 335 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
4. Qualifying as aggravating actions in the sentencing of a criminal - article 63 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
5. Aggravating actions when forcing a person to testify (committed in relation to the interrogated) - Article 302 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Effects

Persons subjected to mockery may experience serious, sometimes quite long-term manifestations of consequences up to suicide. People affected by violence can suffer from long-term behavioral problems and emotional distress. Bullying can provoke depressive states, anxiety, neurosis, isolation, loneliness, reduce personal self-esteem, nervous exhaustion, which can cause a decrease in immunity and increase susceptibility to diseases. Violence against children can provoke further manifestation of unwarranted aggression towards others; mockery of a girl leaves an imprint on her personal life.

Kinds

From the point of view of the association of psychologists, bullying is a form of aggressive behavior in which a person is intentionally repeatedly / once injured or uncomfortable. It can be verbal, take the form of gross physical contact, or be a complex of smaller conjugate actions. Among them in the modern world there are:

1. Physical (harmful interactions, physical suffering). These are actions imitating violence (tremors, trips, throwing objects, blows, etc.), as well as extortion, rape, sexual harassment, provocation, domestic violence.
2. Material (use of formal authority, official position);
3. Verbal (threats, abuse, negative judgments and criticism, etc.).
4. Hidden (aggressive passive) mockery (offensive jokes, sarcastic remarks, obscene gestures, gossip, ridicule, a call of embarrassment and uncertainty, etc.).
5. Cyber ​​bullying (aggression through text messages, messages, videos, online discussions on social networks, email, other digital means of transmission without direct physical access to the victim).

The Criminal Code provides for liability and inevitability of punishment in cases where severe or moderate damage to health is inflicted.