With a diesel engine 645 ZIL series 4331 became one of the most mass-produced domestic models. It was produced more than one and a half million copies. The machine is distinguished by a large carrying capacity, good cross-country ability and maintainability. The car is not afraid of hard work, it is used in construction, agriculture and utilities. There are modifications designed for the fire service and the Ministry of Emergencies. Consider the features and characteristics of this truck and the parameters that the most frequently used motor in this line has.
History of creation
A car with an engine ZIL 645 was designed and built at the Likhachev plant in the seventies of the last century. At that time, the country experienced a shortage of productive equipment with high operational parameters, which largely influenced the layout and capabilities of the new machine.
The designers of the plant together with Kama engineers developed a fundamentally new modification. It is based on one of the KamAZ models. The truck received improved lighting, a productive powertrain and a modern exterior. The result is a car that can rightfully be ranked among the best examples of equipment produced in the Soviet Union.
The first copy was presented in 1977. Modernization of the machine continued until 1985. The ZIL-645 diesel engine has been in serial production since 1987. The cars were equipped with a 165 horsepower unit (working on diesel fuel or a combined fuel mixture), a five-speed gearbox of a mechanical type. The next version came out with a transmission on nine synchronized ranges.
Exterior
The exterior design of the car in its shape resembles a rectangle. In the front part there is a highly placed original grille. Mud flaps are located on the sides, sharply separated from the entire body. The wheels are set deep and the bumper, made of durable metal, protrudes forward.
The design of this element covered most of the cab, serving as protection against accidental damage. The workplace itself has an angular configuration. The 645-ZIL truck received a dumping department, which allows transporting various bulk cargoes. There was also the possibility of transporting concrete, wood, metal.
main parameters
Characteristic ZIL 645 (4331) in terms of design is an improved version of the 130th series with a completely redone cabin. The machine is based on a powerful frame made of heavy-duty steel. The drive axle is equipped with a dependent suspension with semi-elliptical sliding springs.
Two shock absorbers are also aggregated with the suspension assembly. A similar rear block consists of a pair of springs and additional elements. Thanks to the design features, the vehicle could withstand a load of up to twenty-three tons.
The car is equipped with brakes with two pneumatic circuits. The features of this unit include the combination of the main and parking brakes. An additional unit interacts with the rear axle drive via batteries. In addition, the system uses an alcohol filler that does not allow condensate to freeze in the cold season.
Characteristics of the ZIL 645 engine
This power unit is a V-shaped four-stroke diesel engine, which has a volume of 8.75 liters with a rated power of 185 horsepower. Among the other installation parameters, the following can be noted:
- the number of cylinders is eight;
- ultimate torque indicator - 510 Nm;
- compression - 18.5;
- a cylinder in diameter is one hundred and ten millimeters;
- type of cooling - liquid system.
The 645 ZIL motor compares favorably with its gasoline counterparts due to its greater productivity and economy.
For objectivity, the following are the parameters of the options used for other power plants:
- The four-stroke gasoline “engine” under the index 508.10 is equipped with a carburetor and liquid cooling. Its capacity is 150 horsepower, and the volume is six liters. Powered by AI-76 fuel, the working resource is designed for 350 thousand kilometers.
- Model 508300 with a volume of six liters has a capacity of 134 "horses". This gasoline carburetor engine is equipped with an electronic injection system that complies with the Euro 3 standard.
Transmission unit
The ZIL 645 engine, the technical characteristics of which are discussed above, could aggregate with two types of transmissions. Mostly modifications released before 2009 were equipped with mechanics with nine speed ranges. The node had synchronization, a planetary gear and a single-disk clutch. Later versions were equipped with a six-speed mechanical transmission with dry clutch single-disk type (production - Yaroslavl Motor Plant).
Cabin and equipment
This part has good isolation from extraneous noise and cold. In motion, you do not need to strain the vocal chords when communicating. The cabin is equipped with three seats, each of which is equipped with seat belts. The unit is installed on several pairs of shock absorbers, which reduces the level of vibration. The integral design, if necessary, easily reclines, which provides quick access to the main units.
The technical internal filling is minimal and simple. This includes basic sensors and instruments, without additional features. Management is facilitated by the installed hydraulic power steering. ZIL 645, the photo of which is presented below, is equipped with a main metal platform with folding sides. The front element is higher than the side parts. In addition, it was possible to mount the frame for the awning. Inexpensive and practical at that time, the car quickly gained popularity in the territory of the former USSR. The machine was especially in demand as an industrial and transportation vehicle.
Modifications
During the release of the truck in question, more than a dozen modifications were developed. Of particular note are some of them:
- 433100 is a basic version with a 645th diesel engine;
- 433102 - model with an improved chassis;
- 432900 - modification with a diesel engine and a shortened base;
- 433104 - fire truck;
- 433116 - version intended for export;
- 4332A - version with an extended base and motor 645, which was not mass-produced;
- truck tractors with a base of 3.8 or 3.3 meters;
- variation with a sleeping cabin.
The car in question was equipped with a universal body type, which allowed transporting not only bulk cargo, but also liquids, as well as solid materials and other devices.
Features
The ZIL 645 car, the technical characteristics of which depend on the modification, has a load rating of six to eight tons. The average curb weight of a truck is five and a half thousand kilograms. The wheel formula is respected in 4 * 2 mode.
Estimated fuel consumption at full load and a speed of 60 km / h varies within 18.5 liters per hundred kilometers. The maximum speed threshold is 95 km / h in single traffic or 10 kilometers less as part of a road train. The capacity of the fuel tank is 170 liters. The braking distance is 25 meters with full equipment. Truck tires are equipped with an all-terrain tread, which facilitates movement on unstable and difficult soils.
Dimensions and weight
The truck has the following options:
- length / width / height - 6.37 / 2.5 / 2.65 meters;
- distance between front / rear wheels - 1.93 / 1.85 m;
- ground clearance - 33 centimeters;
- volume of the cooling system - 26.5 liters;
- net platform weight - 860 kilograms;
- the mass of the gearbox assembly is 200 kilograms, and the same cabin indicator is 0.55 tons.
The total weight of the car is about 11.5 tons with full load, which allows you to withstand the mode of travel on bridges and other engineering structures on the roads.
ZIL 645: reviews
As evidenced by the responses of the owners of the truck in question, it is quite practical and useful. Its release ended in 2004, so it is natural that the model is outdated. Users note the low cost of component parts, including the engine. They also emphasize the endurance of the car and its good maintainability.
The option with the 645th engine is considered one of the most sought-after items in its class. Considering that the motor was developed back in the early seventies of the last century, we can say that this unit was worthy of testing by domestic roads and time. The negative aspects of the owners include the lack of some parts on the modern market and high fuel consumption. Despite this, the car remains in demand until now.
To conclude the review
ZIL 645 is a true legend of the Soviet automobile industry. Now you can buy it only in second-hand form. Prices, depending on the model and condition, range from 150-400 thousand rubles. Of course, this truck is unlikely to be able to replace modern domestic or foreign counterparts. However, due to the low price and good maintainability, the “veteran” from the manufacturers of the Likhachev plant remains in operation and is in demand in various fields.