Salary is a monetary amount due to an individual for work performed. Its amount is the main source of human existence and fulfillment of his needs. The level of wages depends on many factors, such as experience, qualifications, the number of hours worked or the direct result of work. The accrual of amounts consists of several stages. Consider the main types of wages and the order of its reflection in accounting.
Salary Forms
In determining the amount due to the employee for the performance of work, there should be a basis on which the accountant will rely when drawing up the calculation. In the Russian Federation, one of two forms of wages is applied : time or piecework. The value of the first is determined on the basis of the time actually spent at the workplace and its quality. In this case, the employer may apply the tariff rate of hourly or weekly wages or set the size of the monthly official salary. When calculating the payment for each hour or week, the total amount of wages in each month may vary slightly. This happens due to the different number of working days. The amount of official salary remains unchanged.
The direct piecework form of remuneration depends on the result of the employee’s work efficiency. At the same time, payments for the established unit of calculation remain unchanged even with a positive development dynamics. The chord system is of a similar nature, only payments are made in full of the output / organized goods turnover. These methods are mainly used to motivate employees, on whom the financial activities of the company directly depend. Regardless of the way the employer calculates payroll, the posting is the same.
Salary and allowances: accrual, payment, postings, characteristics
Each of the forms of remuneration, according to the contract, may provide for a bonus system when fulfilling or overfulfilling the plan set for the employee. At each separate enterprise, other allowances may be provided for:
- seniority gained in the company;
- harmful conditions;
- the complexity of the tasks;
- stimulating;
- overtime, business trips;
- other surcharges.
The amount of allowances is included in payroll. Posting is made up one or more, if the surcharge is made later. When accruing , the payroll account is credited, and when paid, it is debited, which completely repeats the procedure for issuing an official salary to an employee.
Payroll process
The formation of amounts due to employees occurs in several stages. First, the accountant, using data on the characteristics of the performance of labor duties, calculates the total amount of nominal wages. After that, tax deductions are made, and the employee receives funds in a timely manner. Values ​​of nominal and real wages are indicated in the payroll.
The time to receive the amounts due depends on the internal schedule of the company. Usually these are the first weeks of a new month. Often at the end of the period, the organization provides an opportunity to receive an advance.
Units of synthetic and analytical accounting of remuneration
To collect information on payments of earned funds, a standard chart of accounts provides for account 70. In relation to the balance sheet, it has a passive structure and accruals are made on a loan, which means the company owes to employees for wages.
Upon payment of funds or deductions, the account is debited. Each employee has a separate analytical account for which payroll is made. Posting in the general case looks like this: Dt 70 subsch. "Ivanov I.I." Ct 50/51.
Real wage formation: tax deductions
The first mandatory payment to the budget is the income tax of an individual. For its calculation, the amount of nominal wages is used, from which the amount of due tax deductions is taken. In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, they can be counted on:
- disabled people from childhood;
- parents of children under 18 years old, when studying at universities under 24 years old (provided for each child);
- participants of the Chernobyl accident;
- parents to care for children with disabilities of I and II groups;
- employees in other circumstances provided for by the Law.
If the employee is not supposed to reduce the tax base, then the calculations begin immediately after the formation of the nominal wage by multiplying it by the tariff rate. Suppose an employee is engaged in primary production. Operations are in the following order:
- An accounting entry is created: payroll Dt “Main production” Kt “Salary”.
- A deduction was made on personal income tax: Dt 70 Ct 68 (subch. "Income tax").
Tax is paid monthly from all accrued amounts subject to taxation. Detailed information on the amount of deductions, tax rate and types of income included in the database is contained in the Tax Code.
Payroll postings with social contributions
In addition to tax payments, there are mandatory payments to social funds, which include:
- PF of the Russian Federation at a rate of 22%;
- Mandatory Medical Fund insurance in the amount of 5.9%;
- Social Insurance Fund at a rate of 2.9%;
- Accident insurance fund from 0.2 to 8.5%.
The employer makes deductions by calculating them from the amount of the employee’s nominal income. Payroll transactions taking into account social payments to the budget will look like this:
- Dt "Main production" CT "Salary" - accrued wages to the employee of the workshop of the main production;
- Dt "Salary" CT "personal income tax" - withheld personal income tax;
- Dt “Main production” Kt “Payments to the FSS” - a contribution to the FSS was charged;
- Dt "Main production" Kt "Payments to PF" - reflects the amount to be paid to PF;
- Dt “Main production” Kt “Payments to the FFOMS” - the amount to be deducted to the health insurance fund was accrued.
The posting “Payroll to employees” is carried out monthly together with the execution of account assignments for withholding taxes from individuals and legal entities.
Drawing up postings on the calculation and payment of salaries from "A" to "Z"
One of the standard and the same procedures for any enterprise is payroll. Postings, an example of which will be considered, will help to consolidate the theoretical material in practice. The condition is set: the accountant Korableva N.A. has been working at Promsvyaz for 10 years. According to the employment contract, she is entitled to a seniority bonus every month, which is 25% of the official salary equal to 15 thousand rubles. To accrue and give Korableva N. A. a salary with an allowance, as well as make all necessary deductions.
We proceed to the decision:
- First you need to calculate the total amount payable. To do this, calculate the value of the premium: 15,000 Ă— 25% = 3750 rubles. The amount of wages will be: 15,000 + 3,750 = 18,750 rubles. Wiring: Dt 26 Kt 70 - 18 750 r.
- Personal income tax passes without tax deductions: 18 750 × 13% = 2438 p., Dt 70 Kt 68 (subch. “PIT”) - 2438 p. Real wages will be: 18,750 - 2,438 = 16,312 p.
- We accrue the amounts payable in the Pension Fund: Dt 26 Kt 69.2 in the amount of 18 750 Ă— 22% = 4125 p.
- Deductions to the Social Insurance Fund: 18,750 Ă— 2.9% = 544 p. - Dt 26 Kt 69.1.
- Amount to be paid to the FFOMS: 18 750 Ă— 5.9% = 1107 p. - Dt 26 Kt 69.3.
- Korableva N.A. issued wages from the cash desk: Dt 70 Kt 50 - 16 312 p.
Payments of a different nature
On account 70 is not only the write-off or payroll. A posting with its use can also be made with payments:
- social nature, for example, benefits (with correspondence 69.1);
- vacation and business trip;
- for compensation of physical harm received in the performance of official duties;
- compensation for used personal transport and other costs.
In addition, the company has the right to deduct from the salary the amount of material damage caused by the employee, or receivables for accountable funds.
Salary is the main source of human life support. With its help, you can motivate to complete tasks and create comfortable conditions for the development of the economy of the enterprise and the state. Wage indicators make it possible to judge the standard of living and stability of both an individual individual and the country as a whole.