The eye is a special sensory organ that helps almost every person navigate in space, learn about the world. It is he who can give the most complete information about what surrounds us. That is why various visual impairments bring not only discomfort, but also can disorient a person and deprive him of some confidence.
Frequent visual impairment is myopia and hyperopia.
Features of myopia
Myopia (what is it, you can find out from this article), or, in other words, myopia is a visual impairment in which a person can quite well see objects only at close distances, and he sees poorly those that are far away. In this case, the image focus does not fall on the retina itself (which happens with normal vision), but in front of it. This means that the rays are refracted more than necessary.
This disease occurs in every third person on the planet.
The main symptoms of the violation
Myopia (which is described above) is characterized by specific visual impairment. In addition to the fact that a person ceases to see objects well from himself, myopia is characterized by the following symptoms:
- the contours of objects are blurred;
- the world that surrounds the patient merges into one;
- near vision does not suffer at all.
Depending on the stage of myopia in a person, the image quality of distant objects can vary from a slight blur of contours to complete blur, in some cases, even a few meters away.
In the case when a person has myopia combined with astigmatism, the accompanying symptoms may be:
- double vision
- distortion of the outlines of objects;
- straight lines can be perceived as curved.
Myopia
Myopia in children and adults can be of varying degrees:
- A weak degree of disturbance (less than 3 diopters) indicates an eye length of about 1 mm more than normal, while the outlines of objects are slightly blurred.
- An average degree (less than 6 diopters) is characteristic of eyes that are significantly longer than normal. As a rule, in such people, the membranes and blood vessels of the eye are very distended, which leads to retinal degeneration. Good vision is maintained at a distance of 20-30 cm.
- A high degree (more than 6 diopters) is the most difficult stage of myopia. The eye with such violations is modified, the retina is greatly thinned. This also applies to the choroid. The patient can distinguish between fingers at arm's length, however, he reads exclusively in the immediate vicinity of the eyes, not more than 10 cm.
The more serious the extent of the disorder, the more thinned and elongated eye shells.
Risk factors leading to disruption
The main reasons for which myopia can develop in children and adults are:
- genetic predisposition;
- weakening of the sclera tissue;
- excessive eye strain (reading in poor lighting, in transport, a large amount of time spent in front of a TV or computer);
- mechanical trauma (during childbirth or brain damage);
- the lack of certain trace elements whose action is aimed at the synthesis of sclera (in particular, zinc, copper and chromium are needed for this).
Methods of struggle
Myopia (which is described above) is a disease that responds very well to treatment and correction. There are several methods that help get rid of the manifestations of the disease:
- Contact correction. This method of treatment involves the use of glasses or contact lenses, depending on the severity of the violation. Glasses can be used as a permanent corrector, but it is recommended to wear lenses occasionally.
- Drug treatment. In this case, medications are used that can normalize the nutrition of eye tissues. However, it should be understood that vitamins, antioxidants, various regeneration stimulants will not be able to completely eliminate myopia. They will only prevent possible complications and will keep the muscles of the eye in good shape.
- Hardware treatment. This method includes various techniques aimed at improving the nutrition of the retina, as well as eliminating the spasm of accommodation. Myopia is the most popular visual impairment in which this method of treatment is indicated. It is also used as a means of recovery after surgery.
- Surgery. As a rule, laser vision correction is used in specialized clinics.
Myopia prevention
Preventing the disease is always easier than treating it later. This also applies to myopia.
To prevent violations, it is very important to strictly observe visual hygiene, and the sooner you begin to do this, the higher the likelihood of preventing a problem.
You also need to monitor the correct fit and level of illumination during work at the table, reading. Try not to strain your eyes and periodically let them relax, you can even perform certain exercises with myopia. Click on specific points:
- little fingers - on the hollow above the inner commissure of the eyelids,
- with index fingers - 2 cm hollows on the bones,
- rub the eye sockets with the third phalanx of the index finger,
- little fingers - the point between the end of the eyebrow and the external adhesion of the eye.
The amount of pressure should be 36 times for each point.
In addition, follow the diet: it should have enough vitamins and minerals.
If you began to suspect that you are developing myopia (what is it, you can find out from the article), do not be afraid to consult a doctor. If you do this on time, you can prevent the development of complications and continue to enjoy the world around you.