Algorithmization is a complex scientific, technical, mathematical term, considered by different sciences and having many meanings that do not coincide with each other.
Classic approach
The most general concept of algorithmization is the process of forming algorithms and programs. A systematic approach to compiling a sequence that allows solving some applied problem is proposed. If it is necessary to create a program for a computer, to solve a clearly defined problem with the help of such a product, it is necessary to first draw up an algorithm for this solution - this step is considered mandatory.
Algorithmization is a deterministic approach to solving a problem, which is extremely significant for algorithms and application class programs. At the same time, the result should be massive, effectively calculating the answer. A well-formed algorithm is the key to the correct solution to a previously formulated question.
Possible definitions
The word can be decrypted not only in the manner described above. In particular, in accordance with dictionary definitions, algorithmization is the stage of work on a task, during which an algorithm is formulated to solve the problem. An alternative interpretation is the field of informatics devoted to techniques and methods of creating algorithms. In addition, algorithmization considers the properties of algorithms. Sometimes this science is called algorithmic.
In accordance with other concepts, algorithmization is a descriptive process that gives an idea of the sequence of actions performed to solve a problem. Other publications formulate the essence of the algorithm as an accurate description of a given process and the formulation of instructions in accordance with which it can be executed. Creating an algorithm is time-consuming and difficult, and algorithmization is a technique that allows us to formulate a truly effective, optimized set of sequential operations implemented using computers.
Processes and steps
Algorithmization is such a descriptive work that gives an idea of what is happening inside the task. Describe them when applying mathematical symbols. This allows you to get an algorithm in which all the elementary acts of the problem are concluded, the connections, sequences, causes and consequences between them. The algorithms generated during the algorithmization are generally developed specifically for electronic computer technology.
Algorithm and algorithmization are two very important concepts for anyone who is forced to work with finding ways to solve various complex problems. The formation of an effective sequence of actions that would reflect the processes taking place in reality, in most cases, involves the consistent finding of answers to two questions:
- What information processing systems will be effective in a particular case?
- What are the mathematical functioning techniques applied to large systems?
Question Features
Considering the methods of information processing, you should first create an algorithm that would describe in detail how the system works. Then a sequence of actions is formed, which allows to determine the optimal solutions, and the management process is also algorithmized. In some cases, the creation of a sequence is required to identify the values characterizing the control.
Algorithmization problems that address the second question suggest a large system. It can simultaneously conduct not only qualitative, but also quantitative research. This allows you to evaluate the key features of the system - reliability, performance.
How it works?
The stages of algorithmization involve the sequential allocation of elementary acts. Each of them must be of such a level that it is possible to describe it with mathematical functions, applying the approaches of the algebra of logic. The theory of finite-state machines, random processes, and mass service will also benefit from the construction of the algorithm. In this case, relationships are revealed that describe the mutual relations between elementary acts. Based on such data, a system is formulated, which becomes a complete algorithm applicable for further work.
The procedures, operations included in the process description through the algorithm, are most conveniently fixed using special programming languages. This is especially true if the process of constructing the algorithm is necessary for the subsequent implementation of the code on an electronic computer. The code created by a person is then processed by a translator and translated into an operational language that is understandable for a given machine. Often, one step of the algorithm is several operations implemented by the machine.
To whom and how?
Programmers can tell about what an algorithm is in computer science. But this science in general, and programming techniques in particular, is a very special issue that requires a separate consideration. As for the algorithmization in relation to other areas, the decision related to the formation of sequences of actions should be dealt with by highly specialized personnel - algorithmists. The sequence of actions includes:
- source data analysis;
- identification of the most significant aspects;
- formalization of key points;
- presentation of data by symbols;
- formation of an integral sequence of operations.
In fact, algorithmization is a complex process, in itself to some extent described by an algorithm. An important feature is clarity, mathematics, logical approach and result.
Why is this needed?
Where can I find examples of algorithms in practice? It may seem to others that this is a “science in itself," not very applicable for anything. In fact, algorithmization is an effective method of automating a wide range of tasks, work processes in which people participate. The formation of programs and algorithms is primarily used to simplify computational tasks that previously could only be solved manually. Algorithmization is somewhat less common in creating a sequence of machine control actions.
Algorithmization allows you to effectively reformulate the original (often quite chaotic) amount of information in an algorithmic form, clear, orderly and structured. At the same time, all the objects that participate in the operations are selected, they are identified, the performers are determined and the algorithm of sequential actions is set. An important condition is the mandatory uniqueness of interpretation of any stage. After A, B always follows, and not "maybe B, maybe C, you decide for yourself how best". This rule is the basis of algorithmization.
Information and Algorithms
The information presented in the algorithmic form is the data produced by the algorithmization. Ambiguous interpretations are impossible for them. What is an algorithm in computer science, mathematics, logic? This is such a sequence that the contractor can understand, having only this document in front of him and no third-party sources, conditions, explanations for the operations. The algorithm always indicates the order of actions. Without this information, the system cannot be considered complete and applicable in practice.
Algorithmization and programming languages were developed by people, but not only for themselves. A machine can execute the finished result, not only a highly productive and complex computer, but also a simpler automated device. The following sequence types apply:
- linear
- cyclic;
- branching
- mixed.
And if in more detail?
If you carefully study the basics of algorithmization, you can find a detailed description of all types of sequences of actions. We will analyze them in more detail.
Linear assumes a clear sequence of steps: there is a first operation, a second, and so on. Deviations from the scheme are not allowed, no adjustment options are provided.
Branching - the ability to slightly adjust the sequence. For this, conditions are formulated that are solved in the course of previous operations (one or more). Branching is not a transition to an operation that has already taken place, but only a choice of one of the ways to continue the sequence.
Continuing the topic
The cycle is almost identical to branching, but allows you to return to the operation already completed during the execution of the algorithm.
Finally, in the basics of computer science, a mixed version of a sequence of algorithmic actions is considered. In this there will be linear, cyclic, branching sections - all possible forms. If the program, the algorithm is complex, we can say with confidence that they belong to this form, it simply cannot be avoided. Moreover, complexity is a very, very loose concept. What seems to an ordinary person an elementary task, when formulating it in the form of an algorithm, a long sequence of actions of different plan and nature can turn into. The task of the algorithmist is to take into account all possible states of all objects included in the system.
Instructions and Algorithms
In fact, we encounter algorithms, as well as the basics of informatics in everyday life, we’re just used to it and don’t notice, we don’t pay attention. For example, technological instructions are a classic example of an algorithm.
Executive instructions are usually drawn up in relation to a variety of objects - valves, assemblies, hoods, engines. The instructions describe the physical operations - take, raise, close. When it comes to a computer, the objects in the algorithm will be mathematical, the actions, respectively, are the same. The algorithm can be devoted to formulas, tables into which values are arranged, and the actions can be very different - from simple calculations to matrix matrix table operations that are quite complicated for a person. An instruction usually contains a condition that complies with the rules of logic. If you managed to achieve the required indicator, you can continue to move along the algorithm or complete it, otherwise you will have to go through another cycle. Algorithms also normally have a "emergency exit" in case of an emergency. In relation to human everyday life, you can find an analogue in the form of "Report a problem to the management."
Algorithmization: an advanced and specialized approach
Some people think that algorithmization is primarily a process of reformatting data into a more ordered form. First, the initial situation is examined, the accompanying information, documentation, features, wishes are analyzed. Along with this, algorithmization is a very clear and limited task of creating instructions. It has its own difficulties and features.
Algorithm Object
It is customary to talk about such objects that can perform actions, as well as those over which those are performed. Each object is characterized by a certain specific state and the possibility of a transition between them. Knowing the full set of attributes allows you to create the correct and accurate algorithm that will work without requiring additional actions, with the exception of those already entered into the program.
The key condition, the first one that is tested with respect to the object, is its presence in such a state that allows the execution of the functions provided by the algorithm. If the object has not passed preliminary preparation, it is faulty, does not fit (in a word, any obstacle), the state becomes inoperative, therefore, the actions prescribed by the algorithm cannot be performed.
Reality Algorithmization
In everyday life, algorithms are applicable to a wide variety of real objects - personnel, equipment. His condition must be such that the functions assigned in accordance with the program of operations would be executed successfully, efficiently, without failures. Keeping this in mind is important when formulating instructions. So, if we are talking about any equipment, it must be pre-assembled, cleaned, tested, only then familiarize the personnel with the rules of use and begin to apply the instructions in business.
With regard to the machine algorithm, the situation is similar, except that the devices will act as an object, and the steps themselves usually need to be more detailed so that the device can correctly interpret and execute them. In this case, the sequence should be extremely clear, otherwise the aggregate simply will not be able to guess - after all, this is not a person who has will, intuition, and the ability to reason on the basis of the experience already gained.
What about training?
An important concept is learning algorithmization. It involves the preparation of such a sequence of actions that will help to teach the target object (machine or person) to perform specified operations. As the initial stage, the state of a complete lack of knowledge and ideas about the target object is considered. The training algorithm should contain such a sequence of operations that will allow the object to get an idea of the process, useful information that will be applied further in practice. The formulation of complex and effective learning algorithms has recently become a special area of attention of the advanced minds of our world due to the increased interest in artificial intelligence and machine learning.
The learning algorithm begins with a consideration of the simplest tasks. If you have to work with people, then instructions are given that allow you to master the basic concepts and processes of the system. Gradually, the tasks become more complicated, and at some point, the objects of the learning algorithm can not only easily solve the tasks assigned to them, but also teach others - this is especially true, of course, in relation to people.