Many in the modern world regretfully admit to themselves that they do not pay due attention to visual hygiene. For the majority, the working day goes behind the monitor screen, in addition to which we strain our tired eyes, reading news, watching videos, playing games on a smartphone or tablet. At the same time, few people think about gymnastics for the eyes, special pictures to relieve tension, regenerative glasses and simulators. Such eye strain can lead to defocusing of vision and its more serious consequences.
Accommodation
Accommodation is the function of our eyes to clearly distinguish between objects at different distances. The normal course of this process depends on the elasticity of the lens. Her highest rate is observed in childhood. With age, he steadily declines. As a result, many over 40 years old have farsightedness, and by the age of 60-70, a defocus of vision is already diagnosed.
Normal is considered only the disappearance of accommodation, providing vision in the distance, at dusk and at night. Therefore, we all notice an uncomfortable vision in the dark. All the other "problems" of accommodation cannot be ignored.
Reasons for Defocusing Vision
There is no universal “culprit” who could be “convicted” of violation of accommodation. There are plenty of reasons for the defocusing of vision, the treatment of which must be started as soon as possible:
- Lack of active lifestyle.
- Excessive load on vision - constant work at the computer, reading or writing at dusk, in the dark.
- Hypovitaminosis.
- Not enough healthy food.
- Poorly organized workplace lighting.
- In children - a mismatch in the height of the desk to the growth of the child.
- Chronic lack of sleep, violations of the regime "work / rest".
- Incorrect reading - the distance between the eyes and the book, the monitor is less than 35 cm.
- Violation of blood flow in the cervical spine.
- Undeveloped muscles of the neck and back.
- Age-related changes.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Acute poisoning of the body (this can also include a hangover).
- A consequence of diseases of the internal organs.
- The result of infections: from flu to syphilis.
- The result of injuries, eye diseases: hemorrhage, dislocation of the lens, dystrophy of the retina, etc.
General symptoms
With all forms of defocusing, a person observes the following:
- The image is blurred when looking from close to distant objects.
- Systematic redness of the eyes - conjunctiva and eyelids.
- A feeling of dryness, burning in the eyes (exacerbated by the end of the working day).
- Fatigue.
- In advanced stages: headaches, chronic feeling of tiredness.
Forms of the disease
Consider a number of common forms of defocusing and their characteristic features.
Spasm of accommodation . Such a pathology is most inherent in children and adolescents. Its essence lies in the violation of the function of the eye muscles, the result of which is the loss of the ability to clearly distinguish objects at different distances.
Asthenopia is accommodative. This type of disease is prone to people suffering from astigmatism and farsightedness, not wearing glasses or wearing improperly selected means of vision correction. The cause of the disease lies in the excessive tension of accommodation in conditions when its reserves are already limited. With this asthenopia, the patient notes the following:
- Redness of the eyes.
- Fatigue while reading.
- Burning, itching in the eyes, foreign body sensation.
- Headache.
- Rarely - vomiting.
Treatment will consist in the selection of suitable glasses, lenses.
Presbyopia This type of vision defocusing is associated with age-related changes that affect the elasticity of the lens. Therapy is the selection of remedies.
Paralysis and paresis of accommodation. Such a dysfunction has a neurogenic nature - these are injuries, poisoning. The shortsighted people least notice her. Patients with normal vision and farsightedness note a sharp deterioration in visibility when looking into the distance. Symptoms of defocusing here are:
- Discomfort when working with an object at its close location.
- Burning, pain in the eyes.
- The appearance of redness of the eyelids and conjunctiva.
- A quick feeling of tiredness.
- Headache.
- The image in the eyes blurred, doubled.
Sharp defocus
Separately, I would like to highlight the reasons for the sharp defocusing of vision:
- Blood disease.
- Brain tumor.
- Optic nerve tumor.
- Encephalitis.
- Metabolic disease.
- Impaired circulation in the carotid artery.
- Decompression sickness.
- Pathology of the vessel, heart, kidneys.
- Eye diseases : subluxation / dislocation of the lens, retinal detachment, trauma to the optic nerve or the entire eye, vitreous hemorrhage, acute obstruction of the main retinal artery.
- Inflammatory processes in the sinuses.
- Various infections: from sore throat and flu to typhoid, syphilis, tuberculosis.
Symptoms with sudden defocus are observed as follows:
- Dots, strings, sparks, dark circles before the eyes.
- Visual acuity.
- Blur image.
- Changing the field of view, sectorial dropout.
- Pain when changing the direction of the gaze.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of defocusing of eyesight is a visual examination by an ophthalmologist, a check using tables, computer diagnostics.
The specialist in this case pursues several tasks:
- Fundus examination.
- Identify the depth of visual impairment.
- Set the reasons for defocusing.
Additionally, the patient may be prescribed a examination by a cardiologist, neurologist, therapist.
Disease treatment
The treatment for defocusing vision is mostly therapeutic. It is as follows:
- Special drops, whose purpose is the expansion of the pupil (Irifrin, Phenylephrine, Tropicamide). Best at night.
- Gymnastics for the eyes. Exercises for each case are strictly individual - they are selected by the attending physician.
- Vitamin complexes for the visual system.
- Classes with pictures to defocus your eyesight.
The latter method - stereo images - oculists pay special attention. These are images consisting of dots and dashes randomly scattered across the canvas. Peering at such a picture, you need to highlight a certain three-dimensional figure on it. This is especially useful for patients who during the day give a lot of eye strain.
Such a simple and easy way, as stereo images, brings with it a lot of positive:
- Eye relaxation.
- Fatigue relief.
- Reducing the likelihood of developing spasms of the eye muscles.
- Improving the ability to accommodate.
- Increased visual acuity.
- Improving blood circulation in the eye organs.
- Increased motor activity of the eye muscles.
Possible complications
If you do not consult a specialist in time for defocusing your eyesight, you can incur the following problems:
- The beginning of the development of myopia.
- Further development of astigmatism.
To save yourself from these diseases, a longer and more expensive treatment is required: special glasses or lenses, laser vision correction. And even such therapy will not always help you regain 100% visual acuity.
Prevention
Defocus Prevention is simple and uncomplicated:
- Healthy eating
- Reduced eye strain.
- Ophthalmologist annual examinations.
- Visual hygiene when working with a computer - the same stereo images, eye gymnastics.
- Prevention of existing chronic diseases.
- Prevention of stagnation of blood in the cervical vertebral region.
- Active life position. It is not necessary to exhaust yourself all day in the gym - a traditional morning exercise is enough.
We recommend that you take these easy preventative measures as soon as possible without expecting the symptoms of blurred vision. A healthy lifestyle, gymnastics for the eyes, classes with pictures - you can devote a little of your time to this. Especially if you read a lot, spend a lot of time at the computer, your work activity is connected with working with small details, drawings, and so on.