A variety of devices installed in kitchens, in industrial hygiene rooms, in bathrooms and toilets - sanitary equipment. This is otherwise called plumbing. The list of such devices includes: a shower cabin, a shower tray, a bathtub, a wall or floor urinal, a bidet, a backlash closet, a toilet bowl and a tank (flushing device), a kitchen sink, a sink for washing in the bathroom, and so on.
Technology
Sanitary equipment is not a trifle, and many outstanding minds worked to ensure that humanity lived comfortably and efficiently in everyday life. Most of the plumbing is made of semi-porcelain and faience, which is covered with glaze. Since materials and technologies are the same, sanitary equipment is most often sets with one composition for plastic, shape, color solutions.
But structurally, the models are very different from each other. Take, for example, a toilet bowl, without the presence of which sanitary equipment does not do. This is a triumph of engineering. If earlier discharge was carried out from top to bottom from a highly installed tank and only flushing was carried out by the force of falling water, then a siphon was invented later. And now these are so ingenious devices that explaining the operation of modern sanitary equipment systems is not so simple.
Restroom
Quite often now you can find a tank built into the wall. This saves a whole square meter in normally cramped apartment toilets. However, this design is quite expensive and complex, it requires a certain layout of pipes. Suspension or floor-mounted kits are simpler and more common.
If the tank is suspended, it greatly facilitates the cleaning of the hostess, which is practical. If a bidet is installed next to the toilet, this is usually a kit with a combined design. The design is also identical. Dimensions need to be selected individually so that the position of the body always remains favorable, as physiologists recommend.
How to make it convenient
The installer of the sanitary equipment should be aware of the location, angle, installation height of the kit and other wishes of the client, of course, before work has begun. The usual height, for example, of a toilet bowl is up to four hundred millimeters, but there are models and children's ones - up to three hundred and fifty millimeters. It is also necessary to take into account the old age: since it is difficult for old people to get on their feet, the toilet should be installed as high as possible.
The sanitary equipment of buildings for housing does not include the installation of a urinal, but more and more this item is found in apartments. The toilet is rarely installed in the bathroom, only if the family is small, or there is another "guest" toilet. Bidet also has not yet become for Russian residents the device that would be considered necessary, although lower body hygiene should be maintained in good cleanliness daily, as well as washing.
Bathroom
Washbasins usually either stand on a pedestal (foot), or are attached to the wall at a height of about a meter. Very convenient, and therefore they are common with a cabinet below and a countertop. Firstly, pipes are hidden in this way, and secondly, this allows you not to take far away the accessories for washing, cleaning products and the like. Trading in sanitary equipment offers a huge number of various cute additions that will make the bathroom a place for rest and relaxation. These are racks, and mirrors, and the exceptional, exotic beauty of the sink with built-in shelves.
The comfort level of the apartment is quite rightly determined by the convenience and complete set of the bathroom. It is here that not only bathe and wash, but also store towels, soap and everything else necessary for that. Here they dry their hair and do a hairstyle, shave, apply makeup. Here, washing is most often done, for which both a washing machine and drying are installed, there is also a place for storing dirty laundry, medicines and household chemicals, and the like.
Requirements
First of all, sanitary and engineering equipment must fully meet the needs of personal hygiene. In addition, the bathroom provides opportunities for relaxation: a cold shower when it is hot, as well as hot after sports or physical work, a warm fragrant bath before bedtime.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide this room with appropriate materials and sanitary equipment in a rational manner, so that every appliance is convenient to use, and subsequent cleaning does not cause unnecessary trouble. The combination of washbasin, shower and bath is very convenient. Naturally, the bath is more comfortable long, lying, then not only relaxation is possible, but also the adoption of certain cosmetic or medical procedures.
Bath or shower?
Shower, of course, is an absolutely necessary addition to a modern bath. Designs of both are constantly being improved. In the shower, for example, a circular shower is installed, and now it is not uncommon for a jacuzzi. There are showers with a sauna, water massage and sprays of useful additives, with a solarium and music. But even the most ordinary, no-frills, shower already always has some elements that would be amazing even twenty years ago.
In addition to the convenience and ease of use, already an integral part of modern plumbing equipment are devices in the shower that protect the hose from twisting, easy disconnection, a lifting device, a switch for spraying flow modes - from concentrated narrow and strong to the finest fan spraying, as well as massage, pulsating. And there are no different nozzles, just press the button or turn the lever on the head of the watering can or on the mixer.
Bath
The bath, of course, is more comfortable, even a sitting one. The internal dimensions of its bowl, the most convenient for ninety percent of adults, are 680 x 1670 millimeters. However, today, longer models are not uncommon. Materials for the manufacture of bathtubs are very diverse. This is primarily cast iron with enamel, as well as steel, earthenware, synthetics. For example, acrylic has become very popular, although it is not without some drawbacks. It is light, elegant, pleasant to the touch, keeps warm for a long time, ergonomic. Strong enough, although not cast iron, which is nevertheless the most valuable as material for this subject.
Now they make bathtubs of various designs. For example, a double helps to independently make a neck massage, and it is equipped with hydromassage equipment. Rectangular, triangular (angular), oval, round - what types of trading do not offer us today! Large, luxurious, with side seats, with a huge interior space, with shelves for accessories, with a bottom without slipping - not to list everything.
Works with sanitary equipment
The complex of construction and installation works includes the construction of a heating, ventilation, gas, heat, water supply and sewage system. The whole process is divided into external works (laying of all networks and pipelines) and internal (installation of heating, water supply, ventilation, sewage and gas supply).
Internal sanitary work should at a minimum include: making holes in walls and ceilings, installing underground channels for pipelines and blowers, foundations for boilers, pumps, and other equipment. It is the installer of the sanitary equipment that installs, repairs and dismantles all systems, both central heating and sewage, water, gas. He knows how to work with steel and cast-iron boilers, tests and regulates piping systems, apparatus and equipment. Installers are also involved in heating systems. And, of course, they carry out the audit and repair of any plumbing equipment.
Specialty
The installer of sanitary systems and equipment is the person who provides residents with all the comfort and convenience. It is not at all strange that this profession was always popular and its demand in the future is even higher, because engineering systems in construction are becoming more sophisticated. Plumbing needs constant diagnosis, it needs timely repairs.
Not only the domestic sphere depends on the installer of sanitary equipment. Without his intervention, the uninterrupted activity of urban enterprises and agriculture will cease, where there are also manufactures with the necessary equipment - water supply and sewage. Today, this person must be a highly qualified specialist.
What should the installer be able to
In the field of professional activity of a specialist in sanitary equipment includes: drainage and sewerage, water supply, heating and heat supply, monitoring and repair of these systems, the ability to mark and cut metal, cut threads, assemble a plumbing unit or any fragment of these systems.
You need to be able to modify the workpiece of any part or assembly of equipment, make installation of any complexity, be able to identify the cause of the problem and find ways to resolve it. The installer must understand the connections of internal systems, building structures of the building.