On the basis of Vedic mythology in the middle of the first millennium BC, ancient Indian philosophy was born. This happened at the moment when a person made the first attempts to comprehend the world around him - outer space, living and inanimate nature, as well as himself. Such progress became possible as a result of, first of all, mental evolution, when a rational man made differentiation of nature, as a means of his habitat and a gradual separation from himself.
Based on these conclusions, the ability to perceive the surrounding world, outer space, as something radically different from it appeared. A man began to draw appropriate conclusions, and then reflect. The main tenets of ancient Indian philosophy are beliefs that the life cycle is not limited to a single birth with subsequent death. The doctrine has three main periods:
The formation of the teachings "Ancient Indian philosophy" is based on the Vedas ("knowledge" - translated from Sanskrit) - religious and philosophical treatises. Rita's Law, the pillar of the ontology of Indian philosophy, represents order and interconnection, cyclicality, and cosmic evolution. The inhale and exhale of Brahma is associated with being and non-being and continues to exist for one hundred cosmic years. Nothingness after death lasts for hundreds of cosmic years, after which it revives again.
The peculiarities of ancient Indian philosophy consist in the manifestation of increased attention to reflection on the knowledge of transcendental, in contrast to Western doctrine. In view of the fact that faith lies in the eternally and cyclically renewed world process, the history of philosophy has not been created . That is why the doctrine of society and aesthetics are two separate sciences. The main distinguishing feature of the teachings of "Ancient Indian Philosophy" is the direct study of the processes that occur in the mind in contact with the world of phenomena and objects.
The origin of the philosophical thought of mankind occurred at a time when the first states and class societies began to replace clan relations. Ancient literary monuments became carriers of some philosophical ideas, which are summarized in the thousand-year experience of mankind. Moreover, the most ancient philosophy is originating in India and China.
Ayurveda philosophy. Schools
As a result of a spiritual change in the country's development and the prevailing prerequisites for social, political and economic development in the VI century BC, the first states appeared in India, productive forces are rapidly developing in connection with the transition from bronze to iron. In addition, commodity-money relations are being formed, the growth of scientific research begins, and criticism of the prevailing moral attitudes and ideas appears. It is these factors that became the basis for the emergence of schools and a number of teachings, which in turn are divided into two groups. Those who prefer the authority of the Vedas are the philosophical orthodox schools and the unorthodox schools of Ancient India that do not deny their infallibility.
Ayurveda philosophy. Basic orthodox teachings
- Vedanta. In turn, it forms two directions:
- Advaita, who does not recognize any reality in the world, except Brahman - the one spiritual supreme being;
- Visishta-advaita, who worships three realities: matter, soul and God.
- Mimansa. The doctrine recognizes the existence of spiritual and material principles in the universe.
- Sankhya. It is based on the recognition in the universe of two principles: the spiritual - purusha (consciousness) and the material - prakriti (nature, matter).
- Nyaya. The doctrine speaks of the existence of a universe consisting of atoms.
- Vaisesika. It is based on the belief that the world consists of substances with action and quality. Everything that exists is divided into seven categories, namely: substance, community, action, quality, inherent, peculiarity, non-being.
- Yoga. According to him, the main goal of a person and all his actions should be in complete liberation from material existence. This can be achieved by following yoga (contemplation) and woragie (detachment and dispassion).
The main unorthodox schools :
- Jainism.
- Buddhism.
- Lokayata.