The main business tool is accounting . This is the main mechanism for managing all processes: from production to sale of products. It contributes to the development of production, planning, analysis and forecasting.
The main link in the accounting at the enterprise is the accounting of materials. This is an integral part of the property of the enterprise, which is necessary for the successful existence and development of its activities.
Materials are involved in the production sphere and are its basis. They provide the process of production and participate in the formation of value.
Accounting for materials is able to influence the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole, the determination of the production needs for various materials depends on its proper organization. Rational security of them leads to cost reduction, growth of financial results, coherence of all processes. Excess stocks of materials lead to the freezing of monetary resources and the inhibition of their turnover. The company incurs losses due to additional funds necessary for warehousing and storage, property tax is significantly increased. Lack of necessary materials can lead to disruptions in production, which will affect the timing of the company's fulfillment of production obligations. Both cases negatively affect the financial result and lead to lower profits.
Material Accounting performs the following main tasks:
- control of the safety of resources;
- compliance of stocks with standards;
- control over the organization of the supply of materials to the production;
- calculation of actual costs for the procurement of materials;
- distribution of the cost of materials according to costing items.
Material resources participate in the production process only once. Their cost is fully transferred to the created products. In this they differ from fixed assets. Accounting for materials allows timely renewal of inventories.
In the cost of production, material resources have significant weight. Qualitative accounting of materials and rational spending affect the increase in financial performance of the enterprise.
The receipt of materials is carried out on the basis of a supply contract. Accounting on the basis of the accompanying documents records materials. Postings reflecting the receipt of the warehouse from the supplier:
Dt 10 Kt 60.01 - receipt of materials at the warehouse from the supplier.
19.3 / 60.01 - the amount of VAT related to the materials received.
68.2 / 19.3 - the amount of VAT recoverable from the budget.
60.01 / 51 - the amount of repayment of debt to the supplier for the goods received.
60.02 / 51 - prepayment to the supplier for the future supply of goods.
60.01 / 60.02 - the amount reflecting the payment to the supplier by the previously transferred prepayment.
If the materials are purchased by an accountable person, the following is executed:
71 / 50.01 - the issuance of money to the accountable person from the cash desk of the enterprise.
10/71 - the amount received by the warehouse of materials from the accountable person.
19.3 / 71 - VAT on goods received.