The Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, over its long history, has produced a lot of equipment that has become a landmark for the industry of the Soviet Union. A striking example is the famous "weaving" - a universal tractor T-100.
Model creation
The industrial Soviet tractor, like many other types of equipment in those days, named after the JV Stalin S-100, underwent major changes in the early 60s of the XX century. At first there was a modification of the T-108. She was released for only three years. In 1964, the plant began to produce "hundred". And four years later, the T-100 tractor was awarded a gold medal at an international exhibition.
The heavy tracked vehicle was designed for industry and construction. It was designed as a dozer with a rope-controlled blade. Later it was decided to modernize the use of a variety of attachments. Unlike its predecessor, which had only two modifications, fourteen types of special equipment were produced on the basis of the tracked T-100.
Sotka, as an industrial tractor, belonged to traction class 10. By the way, the modern wheeled T-25 (a 100% universal tractor, as it is proudly called) belongs to the traction class of 0.6. This category is determined by the maximum force that a wheeled or tracked vehicle can develop under certain well-established conditions.
Specifications
Judging by user reviews, the T-100 tractor has better specifications than the S-100. And all thanks to the use of another engine. That is why it has found wider application in the national economy. The constructive weight of the tractor is 11.1 tons. A diesel engine with a cylinder displacement of 15.5 liters reached a maximum power of 108 liters. from. at a crankshaft speed of 1070 rpm. At low speeds, the multi-ton machine consumed nearly 20 liters of diesel per hour. But the tank contained about 240 liters.
Sotka developed a rated force (6 tf) in second gear at speeds up to 4 km / h. This corresponds to the sixth traction class of agricultural machinery. The T-100 tractor was classified according to the industrial classification to a higher, tenth category in terms of maximum traction (9.5 tf) in first gear and a speed of less than 2.5 km / h. And that's not all. Traction decreased with increasing speed. Consumers say that in fifth gear it was maximum - more than 10 km / h. A good indicator! But the pulling force was 2 tf.
Powertrain tractor
The power plant, which was used on the S-100 tractor, was seriously upgraded specifically for the "weaving". And she got the number D-108. The four-cylinder four-stroke engine had a mass of more than 2 tons. The layout of the engine has not changed, but the chamber in which the mixture formation and combustion of fuel takes place is made in the piston crown. He also had two oil scraper and three compression rings. Bronze bushings were pressed into the cylinder heads for installing nozzles. Instead of one spray hole, they began to perform five. In addition, a centrifuge was installed in the oil filter.
The T-100 tractor was the first industrial machine in which a starting engine was used . With the help of the P-23 installation with an electric starter, the main diesel engine was launched in winter. Judging by the reviews of people who at least once in their life controlled this machine, another useful mechanism was used in the tractor. This is a vacuum device that is powered by exhaust energy. It allowed refueling tanks located below the level of the fuel tank.
Tractor transmission
Unlike the engine, it has not undergone major changes. User reviews indicated that the clutch, which is a separate assembly, is easy to dismantle. Dry single-disk clutch was controlled from the cab by a special lever, thanks to the lever-cam control mechanism. A mechanical three-way, reverse gearbox had five forward gears and four reverse gears. The conical central one - with the driven gear on the flange and with the drive unit, which was made on the lower shaft of the box, as a whole.
Rotary couplings were dry, multi-plate. They driven discs are made with friction linings. They could be driven by servo levers. The T-100 is a tractor whose characteristics allowed it to change speed from 2.3 to 10.1 km / h in five gears while moving forward, and from 2.8 to 7.6 km / h in four rear gears.
Chassis
Consumers agreed that the caterpillar tractor over the wheeled tractor has an advantage in cross-country ability on soft soils due to lower specific pressure on the soil. For the T-100, this indicator was 4.6 N / sq.cm.
According to customers in their reviews, the main drawback of a caterpillar tractor, again, compared with a wheeled one, is the more complicated arrangement of the chassis. The semi-rigid “hundred” system consisted of tracked carts with a balancing device and tracks. They were made in the form of a welded box-section frame. The links of the caterpillar chain were interconnected by bushes and fingers placed on them. The shoes of a special profile were fixed right there. The chain is mounted on wheels with a tension mechanism, support and support rollers. The balancer suspension was made in the form of a spring plate with two stabilizing, smaller springs.
Tractor cab
T-100 (tractor) reviews and now, against the backdrop of modern technology, has positive. It was equipped with a comfortable cabin at that time. It was mounted behind the engine on a rigid frame. Inside, a soft seat, lighting and a forced ventilation system were provided for the driver. Today, unfortunately, the T-100 is a tractor (photo below), which became only a memory. But in the 70s, he worthily competed with the technology of leading foreign companies. However, it was not enough. And it was used only at construction sites of national importance, for example at BAM.
Dimensions
The dimensions of the heavy caterpillar tractor (L × W × H) are 4.3 × 2.5 × 3.1 m. The length of the track surface is 2.4 m, the track is 1.9 m, and the ground clearance is 0.3 m. Another important indicator of technology is the specific metal consumption. It is almost 103 kg / hp.
Tractor modifications
At the very beginning, “weaving” was aggregated with a DZ-53 bulldozer, in which the blade control was cable. Then it was modernized by installing a more modern hydraulic system. The new car received the designation DZ-54. And already fourteen types of attachments were produced for use in various construction and road works. It was a stump ejector, and a brush cutter, and a cultivator, and a stone remover, and an expander. Pile drivers, cranes and pipe layers were mounted on the T-100 chassis.
In the reviews of ordinary tractor drivers, the T-100 MGP modification had hydraulic equipment, a front mounted system, and instead of a winch, a rigid coupling device. It provided output mechanisms for connecting the power take-off shaft and the rear mounted system. Both of these modifications were produced as a swamp vehicle, the tracks of which had a wider section - T-100 B and T-100 BG.
The letter "T" in the name marked the pipe layer, in which instead of hydraulic systems provided fastenings for specialized units and devices. The T-100 MGP-1 tractor was produced in a lightweight version without a cab. The latest modification of the “hundred”, which was already being produced in parallel with the new T-130, was the T-100 MZGP with hydraulic servomechanisms for controlling turns. And, perhaps, only she can still be found. And even get it.
Tractor modifications for agricultural needs
It was supposed to use the T-100 caterpillar tractor in agriculture. But the user reviews meant that its speed is very low. Therefore, he did not receive distribution. The modification was designated T-100 MGS. It had a separate aggregate unified hydraulic system and a rear linkage mechanism. The T-100 MGS-1 tractor did not possess this mechanism. In place of the winch, a shank of the power take-off shaft was installed. For comparison: the T-25, as a 100% tractor for agriculture with dimensions of 3.0 × 1.5 m, can change the clearance and overall height depending on the mounted equipment. The range of its speeds when moving forward is from 6 to 22 km / h.
The name T-100 tractor - "weaving" - has become a household name. It still stands for later models: T-130, T-170, T-10. Compared with new, modern options, the car is characterized by difficult and uncomfortable working conditions for the driver. Despite this, at all times it was reliable and hardy, almost did not break and had a high cross.