Cognition is understood as creative activity, which is focused on obtaining new reliable information and knowledge about the world around. The types of cognition are numerous and diverse.
In general, it is worth noting that at various times it existed in the following forms:
- scientific;
- mythological;
- philosophical;
- religious;
- mundane;
- artistic.
Sensual knowledge helps to study the world around us, as well as ourselves . It is about sensation, perception, and so on. Rational types of cognition are inference, judgment, concept.
The forms of scientific knowledge are different. They all have a lot in common. In general, the main goal of scientific knowledge is the discovery of those laws, thanks to which our reality exists. These are natural, social laws, laws of thinking, and so on. Based on their science makes certain forecasts for the future. All types of cognition (scientific) recognize the acquisition of objective truth as the highest goal . It is comprehended in most cases by rational methods and means, but not without the use of irrational means and living contemplation. An essential attribute is consistency. Also, this type of cognition is characterized by strict validity and evidence of all the results obtained.
Unscientific knowledge has various forms. Ordinary knowledge is one of them. What is it like? The fact is that this is what has existed since ancient times. It was it that helped people get an initial picture of the world, highlight elementary patterns. It is based on experience that relates to everyday life. Its nature is not systematic. Ordinary knowledge is closely related to common sense, helping people to ensure their normal existence. Over time, a person has learned to understand which sequences of actions lead to a favorable result and which ones do not. In this case, experience is important. This refers not only to the experience of a particular person, but also to the experience that is passed down from generation to generation.
Ordinary knowledge does not imply any proof. It is not needed, which means that the knowledge gained through it is often subjective, applicable only to specific situations in specific circumstances.
The types of knowledge are different. How does artistic activity relate to them? There is a connection and it is strong. The fact is that a creative approach helps to understand those facets that neither science nor anything else can comprehend. Through artistic knowledge, a person satisfies his aesthetic needs, and at the same time he cognizes reality. Art allows you to discover something new, to receive the truth in the most unusual ways. There is no question of any systematic and validity, without which scientific types of cognition cannot exist. Everything is subjective again.
Religious and mythological knowledge is often confused, unified. Actually this is a mistake that is unacceptable. These types of cognition differ in many ways. First of all, the difference lies in their goals: the myth is necessary in order to learn how to perceive the world more understandable, less aggressive, and so on, while religion is used by people to search for something higher, something that can explain not only the reasons existence, but also its meaning. Religion is characterized by the duality of the world (the world of people and the world of some higher forces), while in the mythological picture of the world both people and higher forces exist in one reality.
Philosophy does not study any specific aspects of being, but the whole world. She studies the relation of man to the world, the relation of the world to him, the reasons for our existence, development and so on.