A battery is a source of electrical energy (current source) for autonomous power supply of various devices. At the heart of any battery is an elementary circuit: anode-cathode, between them is an electrolyte. The anode and cathode are made of different materials, the anode is made of metal (zinc), and the cathode is made of oxides of various metals. As a result, when immersed in an electrolyte between the two poles of the battery, a difference in electric potentials occurs, in other words, an electric current.
Batteries, by their nature, are chemical energy sources. They are the primary source of current, that is, irreversible processes occur in them. It is believed that batteries can be recharged after they are exhausted, but this is not so. If you start recharging the battery, it may explode. Secondary sources of electric current are batteries, that is, batteries that can be recharged.
Type D batteries are of three types:
- Salt (carbon-zinc) is the cheapest type of battery. These batteries have the smallest capacity, quickly discharge at low temperatures, and do not work well with loads requiring high current.
- Based on zinc chloride. Such batteries tolerate lower temperatures better than salt ones, but have a low charge capacity.
- Alkaline (alkaline) have an average cost, operate reliably at fairly low temperatures, are characterized by high charge capacity, low probability of leakage and a long shelf life.
Type D batteries have the following specifications:
- weight - 143 g (weight may vary depending on the type of battery, alkaline batteries have a higher mass);
- height - 61.3 mm;
- diameter - 33.2 mm;
- supply voltage - 1.5 V (for batteries is 1.2 V);
- the current capacity depends on the type (saline, zinc chloride-based, alkaline) and the manufacturer.
The main parameter of any battery is capacity. A type D battery, unlike other types of batteries (type AAA, type AA, type C, etc.), has the highest value for this parameter. Battery capacity directly affects battery life. Therefore, this parameter is indicated in ampere * hours, that is, how many amperes the battery is able to give out in one hour of operation. For example, if a D-type battery has a capacity of 1300 mAh (13 A * h), then it is able to deliver 13 amperes within one hour of operation. Alkaline type D batteries (Alkaline) have the largest capacity, but in this case, this parameter will be different for different manufacturers. The highest capacity is inherent in batteries "Duracell", "Varta", "GP", "Energizer". So, batteries of type D “Duracell” have a capacity of 18000 mAh (18A * h), “Energizer” - 17000mAh (17A * h), “GP” - 13000 mAh (13A * h). However, batteries of this type have a rather high price, about 3-4 dollars apiece.
The service life of the batteries depends on how much energy the device / device into which they are inserted consumes, the duration of its operation, as well as the ambient temperature.
It is necessary to replace the batteries all at once, it is not allowed to use old and new batteries at the same time, it is not recommended to mix different types of batteries (saline, alkaline). Because all this contributes to a decrease in battery capacity and causes depressurization, which as a result can lead to damage to the device / device.