Recently, indoor fireplaces and stoves have returned to fashion. The process of their creation is quite complicated, so it should be performed by experienced stove makers. To create a furnace, you need to purchase many special devices. The grate is one of the most important elements. It is designed to ensure uniform, constant air supply to the fuel and timely removal of slag and ash. Modern industry produces solid and prefabricated grilles. The latter are collected from several grates.
Depending on the fuel used and the design of the furnace, various parts are used. Grid-iron lattices are divided into mobile and motionless. The latter are divided into such subspecies: tiled basket; tiled flat; beam grate. The stationary grate is formed from beam and tiled flat grate. Movable consists of traction, axle and grill. Such parts are made with vertical (vibrating) and horizontal axis of rotation (swinging and full turning).
In the process of cleaning them from slag and ash, the gratings can be rotated using traction around the axis. The swinging grate can move about 30 ° around its horizontal axis. From time to time, swaying, these grates will loosen the slag perfectly, so the non-combustible mass quickly falls from the fuel department to the ash pan. Such parts greatly facilitate the cleaning of the furnace and improve the combustion process.
Movable grates are used, as a rule, in continuous burning furnaces. They consist of 2 plate-shaped gratings interconnected, which are able to rotate around the vertical axis by 180 °.
In the fireboxes, grate grates are placed end-to-face on recesses carved in bricks or on whole bricks. These furnace elements are mainly made from high quality cast iron, which is slightly oxidized at high temperature and under the influence of oxygen. The grate for the furnace is made in a conical or wedge-shaped form, since it facilitates the passage through the openings between the plates of fine slag and ash.
The amount of air passing through the grill into the firebox completely depends on its “live” section. By this concept is meant the ratio of the total area of the gap to the total area of the grating. It is expressed as a percentage. The shape of the grate, their cross section and thickness directly depend on the type of fuel used and the size of its fractions.
Coarse fuel, such as peat or coal, burns most efficiently on beam grates, which are formed in the form of a lattice with a section of 20-40% (relative to its total area). When burning multi-ash and small-sized fuels with a small emission of volatile substances, tiled grilles with a cross section of 10-15% are used. Its external dimensions determine the total area.
The grate is laid so that its clearances (holes) are placed along the firebox, in the direction from the door to the rear wall. In addition, the narrow sides of its slots should be directed upwards.