Agricultural work is very labor intensive and energy intensive. Farmers are forced to make tremendous efforts to get the desired crop. Therefore, the discussion of the mechanization of field work today is especially acute. One of the faithful assistants in solving many issues of the modern plowman is the Belarus-1221 tractor. We will talk about him in more detail in this article.
Appointment
The agricultural machine “Belarus-1221” belongs to the second traction class and is one of the universal units designed to work together with various trailed, mounted hydraulic and semi-trailed equipment. It is the possibility of using replaceable parts and assemblies that makes it possible to actively use the tractor on rural lands, in the construction of various facilities, in the field of public services, during transport operations and even in industrial facilities. The reviews indicate that Belarus-1221 is able to work on any type of soil and in different climatic regions.
Positive qualities of the machine
Special advantages of the tractor deserve special attention, such as:
- Simplicity of design.
- Excellent performance.
- High reliability.
- Uniformity of parts.
- Low cost of spare parts.
- Economical fuel and lubricant consumption.
- The ability to quickly diagnose a breakdown and short time to eliminate it.
- Safe use in the range of ambient temperatures from -40 to +40 degrees Celsius.
Place of production
Belarus-1221 began to roll off the assembly line in 1979 at a plant in Minsk. However, now the company is actively developing and has opened several production workshops in such Russian cities as Smolensk, Saransk, Elabuga.
Classification
“Belarus-1221” in parallel with its standard version has two more modifications:
- MTZ 1221L is a specially created model for the forest industry. Scrupulously modified and modernized auxiliary elements enable this tractor to carry out harvesting, planting, loading, transporting and skidding of timber.
- MTZ 1221V.2 differs from the standard model by the presence of a reverse control station.
Technical indicators
The Belarus-1221 tractor, the technical characteristics of which are given below, is characterized by a very simple and intuitive operation. So, among the main parameters are:
- Structural mass - 5783 kg.
- Operational weight - 6273 kg.
- The maximum permissible weight is 8000 kg.
- Dimensions - 5220 x 2300 x 2850 mm.
- The clearance between the machine and the road surface is 480 mm.
- Tires of the front wheels –b420 / 70R24.
- Tires of the rear wheels - 18,4R38.
- The fuel tank has a capacity of 170 liters.
- Transport speed - 35 km / h.
- Operating speed - 15 km / h.
- The brake system is a disc, functioning in oil.
- The hydraulic system contains a gear pump with a displacement of 32 cm cubic / rev.
- The capacity of the hydraulic system is 25 liters.
- Wheel formula - 4K4.
Tractor power section
The Belarus-1221 clutch is friction, dry, double-disc, permanently closed. As for the gearbox of the machine, it is of the stepped type, with the ability to switch four gears located inside it. There are two reverse ranges and four forward ranges. The speed control process optimizes the synchronizer.
The front drive axle is made with a self-locking differential of high friction. The design of the bridge is of the portal type, planetary bevel gears are available. The drive of the bridge is built into the gearbox and has the form of a cylindrical gearbox and a hydraulic friction clutch connected to the driveshaft.
The front axle control crane operates in three modes and activates the axle drive manually and automatically. The crane also disables the axle and can turn it on even with the brakes on.
Motor and electrical equipment
The Belarus-1221 engine is a six-cylinder four-stroke diesel unit of the in-line type D-260.2 with turbocharging. This motor is characterized by extremely low fuel and oil consumption and fully complies with all modern requirements for the amount of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere.
The motor has proven itself excellently while working with both domestic materials and foreign ones. The engine is also endowed with a huge reserve of torque. We can safely say that in terms of its parameters, the tractor engine can confidently compete with the best imported counterparts.
The rated power of D-260.2 is 95.6 kW or 130 horsepower. The diameters of the cylinders installed in the motor are 110 mm. The engine is also equipped with a centrifugal single-stage compressor.
The on-board electrical network has a nominal voltage of 12 V. The start-up system operates with a voltage of 24 V. The generator delivers 1000 W at a voltage of 14 V.
Transmission
It has some differences from other tractors. In particular, its composition includes:
- Reinforced coupling with a rigid body and a pair of discs.
- Rear axle with planetary wheel gears.
- Two-speed rear shaft equipped with synchronous independent drive.
- The front axle is equipped with drive wheels with a wide profile, which allows to increase the carrying capacity of the bridge and significantly expands the possibilities of using the Belarus-1221 tractor in the national economy.
Hydraulic system
It is she who controls the machine with agricultural equipment mounted, semi-mounted and trailed type. In general, the tractor is equipped with a hydraulic system of one of the following types:
- With one horizontally located autonomous power cylinder.
- With a pair of power cylinders built into the hydraulic lift , which provide adjustment of the movement of the working body.
The tractor is also equipped with three pairs of free bends, which are intended for the maintenance of hydroficated technical devices with the help of especially durable high-pressure hoses. In addition, if necessary, it is possible to make a selection of the working fluid to ensure the normal functioning of hydraulic motors connected to the tractor of other machines or assemblies.
Cabin
The driver's seat is safe. The frame of the cab itself is made of rigid, curved shaped profiles, into which tinted spherical glasses are inserted. In the roof of the cabin there is an emergency hatch and a ventilation and heating system, a control system for some electrical appliances for alarm and lighting. The use of special sound-absorbing mastics and upholstery allows us to guarantee the provision of the required level of sound insulation and moisture insulation.
In conclusion, I would like to note that the Belarus-1221 tractor, the price of which can range from 5-6 to 20-25 thousand US dollars, according to its owners, fully justifies the funds invested in its purchase and is able to serve without fail for many years, reducing thereby, to some extent, the cost of farmed agricultural products. In addition, the engine of this tractor operates in the least forced mode, which, of course, significantly contributes to an increase in the resource of work. This moment is noted by many owners of this machine. The most wearing parts in the tractor are the gearbox bearings. This disadvantage also did not go unnoticed.