Hypermetropia in both eyes is a very common pathology that can occur at any age. In another way, it is called farsightedness. The disease is characterized by the fact that a person does not see those objects that are close to him poorly. At the same time, long-distance vision remains good (only not at a high degree).
Brief description of the disease
This anomaly is caused by the fact that the eyeball has a short anteroposterior axis, the cornea has a small diameter, and the anterior chamber is also small in size. It should be noted that the lens does not undergo any changes. This structure of the eye leads to the fact that the patient can not clearly see objects.
The image in the case of farsightedness is projected behind the retina. It should be noted that mild hyperopia is observed in almost all newborns. This is due to the fact that the eyeball has not yet reached its normal size and continues to grow. Over time, the pathology practically disappears without any radical intervention. However, it happens that the degree of the disease is very high, and you cannot do without vision correction, since delay can not only impair vision, but also contribute to the attachment of other problems.
A feature of this disease is that a person can see well without glasses, however, for this you need to strain your eyes very much, which will lead to strabismus, headache and other eye diseases.
Why does pathology arise?
This pathology appears not only because the eye is still small. It may have a deformed shape, which is a congenital or acquired defect. Mild hypermetropia can develop in those people who do not follow eye hygiene, greatly strain them, constantly work at the computer without rest.
The development of pathology is very much affected by heredity, that is, if at least one parent has vision problems, then the child's risk of manifesting hyperopia increases. It should also be noted that pathology can develop under the influence of various eye diseases, infectious processes in the body, as a result of trauma or after surgery.
Symptoms of pathology
Weak hypermetropia in childhood can occur only after a thorough examination by an ophthalmologist. Adults can already describe their symptoms themselves. These include:
- impaired vision near;
- headache;
- high fatigue with eye strain;
- turbidity;
- burning and tearing;
- redness of the eyes;
- visual impairment during dark;
- poor school performance, reduced ability to work.
How is the disease diagnosed?
Weak hypermetropia is determined only after a visit to the doctor. It is not worthwhile to make a diagnosis on your own, and even more so. The ophthalmologist uses different techniques and equipment. In addition, you are sure to instill a special drug in the eye that will dilate the pupils. The fact is that in this position the refraction of the eye will be as accurate as possible, because the lens relaxes. Further visits to the doctor are made once every six months or a year (depending on the evidence).
Most often, mild hyperopia is diagnosed in both eyes. To determine the degree of development of the pathology, ultrasound of the fundus of the eye is used , which helps to accurately determine its size. In addition, computer methods are common, which can establish how severely refracted lens refraction.
The degree of development of pathology
This disease can develop. There are several degrees of pathology:
- Weak (up to 2 diopters). In this case, the patient feels a burning sensation and itching in his eyes, quickly gets tired, his eyesight is blurred, and he can’t put in small letters when reading.
- Medium (up to 5 diopters). This degree suggests more pronounced symptoms of pathology. In addition, a person can see well in the distance, although objects at close range are difficult for him to see.
- Severe (above 5 diopters). Its peculiarity is that the symptoms are most pronounced. Among other things, in this case, the patient sees equally poorly both at close and long distances.
Mild hyperopia also stands out in children and in the elderly. Moreover, in both cases, it can be acquired. In old age, visual acuity begins to decline, because the eye muscles lose their elasticity, and the eye itself receives less nutrition.
Features of the development of the disease in children
It should be noted that in order to protect the child’s vision from deterioration, it is necessary to diagnose the pathology in time and begin to correct it. If an adult can independently consult a doctor and describe the symptoms, then the baby will not be able to explain this, so the doctor uses special equipment to determine the disease and its degree of development.
I must say that in children this pathology is much more complicated. This is due to the fact that the eye has not yet grown sufficiently. In this case, the baby can see poorly and far and close. All the conditions presented can lead to disastrous consequences, such as:
- the rapid development of amblyopia;
- a strong violation of visual acuity, which will be difficult to correct;
- incorrect development of ocular neurons due to lack of stimulus, and this is already a serious problem that cannot always be eliminated even by surgical intervention;
- poor functioning of the visual cells of the cerebral cortex.
Correction and traditional treatment of the disease
Moderate hypermetropia, like all other forms of this pathology, needs to be corrected. In principle, the only non-radical method to do this is to wear glasses or contact lenses. They are assigned to work with objects at close range or for reading. However, if the degree of the disease is high, then you need to wear glasses constantly.
Adolescent children may be asked to use contact lenses. In addition, the patient should receive therapeutic treatment, and if possible magnetotherapy, vacuum massage, electrical stimulation, computer auto-training. Thanks to these procedures, metabolic processes in the eyeball improve, and accommodation spasms are removed. It is advisable that all treatment of children be carried out in a playful way.
Hypermetropia can also be corrected with night lenses that can correct the irregular shape of the cornea. If vision is impaired in both eyes, then the patient may be offered combined glasses - they can have double lenses. In this case, the plus for them may be different, depending on what degree of disease in each eye.
Hyperopia Gymnastics
Eliminate or reduce the manifestation of pathology using special exercises. To do this, you need to take a comfortable sitting pose, put your hands on your knees. Now we perform the following exercises:
- we direct our eyes to the left and down, while trying not to blink until you have tears, you can now blink;
- we make the same movements, only this time we look in the lower right side;
- Now you can blink and look at the bridge of the nose;
- The last exercise involves the direction of vision at the tip of the nose.
It should be noted that such gymnastics helps only with a mild degree of the disease.
Surgical and laser treatment of hyperopia
High degree hypermetropia over many years of correction may not be completely eliminated. In this case, you have the opportunity to undergo laser or surgical treatment. Naturally, it is not recommended for children to do this until the eye stops growing completely (about 18 years). However, even if you still want to have surgery, then you should not have any contraindications.
The most effective radical treatment is laser therapy. However, it is quite expensive. Its advantage is the speed of the procedure, safety and the absence of a rehabilitation period. That is, after such an operation, you can see perfectly after 10 minutes.
Doctors usually correct or replace the lens and install a positive lens implant. Before such an intervention, the doctor must make sure that the patient is able to undergo manipulations without the slightest harm to health. Therefore, before a surgical or laser operation, a person undergoes a full examination.
In any case, this pathology is treatable, and the sooner you start it, the higher the likelihood of a full recovery.