The Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky is one of the most famous, famous and popular theaters in our country. The artistic director is the famous actress Tatyana Doronina.
Moscow Art Theater
What is the Moscow Art Theater? This is one of the capital's theaters. All lovers of theatrical art, of course, are familiar with these treasured letters. The Moscow Art Theater was founded in 1898. At its source stood K.S. Stanislavsky and V.N. Nemirovich-Danchenko. The theater changed its name several times. At first it was called the Public Art Theater, in 1901 it received the name of the Moscow Art Theater, and in 1919 it became known as the Moscow Art Theater. Decoding of the abbreviation - Moscow Art Academic Theater.
The history of the birth of the theater
June 19, 1897 at the restaurant "Slavic Bazaar" held a meeting K.S. Stanislavsky and V.N. Nemirovich-Danchenko, which discussed the creation of an innovative theater that would adhere to the principles on the basis of which the Paris Free Theater by A. Antoine and the Berlin Free Stage Theater by O. Brahma worked. This is a completely new style of acting, where everything should be realistic, without pathos of recitation and pretense. It was also supposed to make the theater publicly available, that is, so that ticket prices were low, and any representative of the working class could join the beautiful. So the Art-Public Theater (MKHAT) was created.
In 1901, the word "publicly available" was removed from the name, since ticket prices had to be raised, the Duma refused to finance the project, and wealthy citizens took material care of it. The director and manager was V.N. Nemirovich-Danchenko, and K.S. Stanislavsky combined the director's position with the position of the chief director. The troupe recruited students who studied acting under V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, and non-professional actors who played in the productions of K. Stanislavsky.
The very first production of the theater was the tragedy of A. Tolstoy "Tsar Fedor Ioannovich", which was phenomenally successful and quickly fell in love with the audience. At the end of 1898, the premiere of "The Seagulls" A.P. Chekhov, the production of which later became legendary. This little theatrical was fresh, original, bold and bright. Until 1905, the repertoire included plays whose authors were exclusively contemporaries of the theater: A.K. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhov, A.M. Gorky, G. Ibsen, later classical productions were added to them. In 1906, the Moscow Art Theater troupe went on their first tour abroad (the decoding of its name was already given by us above).
Theater building
The abbreviation of the Moscow Art Theater did not appear immediately, at first the letter “A” was absent in it and the theater was called the Moscow Art Theater. Until 1902, the troupe did not have its own building, and performances were shown in a rented room with a hall for 815 seats. There was nowhere to store the scenery, costumes, rehearsing, organizing workshops, so there was a need to change the premises. There were no funds for the construction, since the Moscow Art Theater was not funded by the state and paid rent to the owner of the building. He existed on the funds received from fees from the sale of tickets and from patrons. One of those who invested in this theater was the famous S. Morozov, who later completely took over the financing of the Moscow Art Theater. He cared about renting a new building, about its reconstruction and equipment. In the summer of 1902, exactly three months later, the house of Lianozov was rebuilt for the theater, where the troupe moved in the autumn of 1902. In the new building, the hall was designed for 1200 spectators, the stage was equipped with a turntable, and under it there were roomy warehouses for decorations. The curtain was made sliding, not rising, and it was decorated with the famous Moscow Art Theater emblem - a seagull that hovers above the waves.
Soviet era
Since 1906, the theater began difficult times as a result of disagreements between K. Stanislavsky and V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. As a result, they refused joint productions, although there was no gap in their creative union. In 1919, part of the troupe, which went on tour in provincial cities, was cut off from Moscow due to the Civil War, and then was forced to go abroad, and only in 1921 they managed to return.
In 1920, the theater was elevated to the rank of academic, and instead of the Moscow Art Theater, the abbreviation MKHAT appeared.
The year 1922 was marked by the fact that part of the actors of the troupe, headed by K. Stanislavsky, who had been touring Europe for two years, decided to stay abroad, not wanting to return to the USSR. In 1923, V. Nemirovich-Danchenko reorganized the troupe, since K.S. Stanislavsky believed that the artists lost their souls, ceased to strive for development, were too busy with the material, spoiled by large fees and became too self-confident. Many actors were replaced by new and young, which was the impetus for the development of the Moscow Art Theater.
The main place in the repertoire was played by plays by playwrights of that time, although classical productions also took place, and productions based on them were innovative. The most famous performances of that era were "Turbine Days", "Armored Train 14-69", "Crazy Day, or the Marriage of Figaro." In the 1930s, disagreements between V. Nemirovich-Danchenko and K.S. Stanislavsky reached the limit, and in 1934 Konstantin Sergeyevich left the Moscow Art Theater.
In 1932, the theater was named after Maxim Gorky, which entrusted the obligation to include his works in the repertoire.
After the death of V.N. Nemirovich-Danchenko, the Moscow Art Theater was run by the Art Council.
In 1950-1960, the theater was in crisis, the absence of the main director led to the fact that the directors were the actors themselves, as a result, most of the plays were one-day ones, the audience was few, popularity fell, and hostility reigned in the collective.
In 1970, the Arts Council appointed O. Efremov, the chief director, who breathed new life into the theater, staged a number of outstanding performances, and updated the troupe. Under him, the Moscow Art Theater returned to popularity. The only thing that he could not overcome was the situation in the team, which eventually led to the split of the troupe into 2 camps, each of which had its own repertoire and its director.
Moscow Art Theater A.P. Chekhov
Soon the split troupe was transformed into two separate theaters, and as a result, two Moscow Art Theater became in Moscow. Each of them had its own leader. What is the Moscow Art Theater named after A.P. Chekhov? This is one of two theaters formed due to a split. Theater named after A.P. Chekhov was headed by O. Efremov. In 2000, after his death, O. Tabakov, who holds this post today, became the leader. Thanks to him, the repertoire was updated, the basis of which is now composed of classical works. And he also updated the troupe. Today, among the actors of the theater there are such famous names as K. Khabensky, M. Porechenkov and many others. In 2004, the letter “A”, meaning “academic,” disappeared from the name of the theater, and now it is called the A. Chekhov Moscow Art Theater. Although the name has not officially changed, it has changed only on posters. What does the Moscow Art Theater mean (as translated) today? The same as before the theater collapsed - Moscow Art Academic Theater. It is located in Kamergersky Lane.
Doronina Theater
What is the Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky? And this is the second theater, formed as a result of a split in 1987. It was headed by Tatyana Doronina. How is the Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky deciphered? The answer is very simple: Maxim Gorky Moscow Art Academic Theater. It is located on Tversky Boulevard. The Moscow Art Theater under the leadership of T. Doronina adheres to the traditions that have developed in the era of Stanislavsky. On the stage of the theater are classical plays with the restored direction of V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. The emblem of the Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky is a seagull soaring above the waves.
School studio
What is the Moscow Art Theater School? This is a higher educational institution, which is open at the A.P. Chekhov. Here are preparing future actors, directors and producers. The school-studio was opened in 1943 at the initiative of V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Six months after his death, the school was given his name. This theatrical university is one of the most famous and famous in the country, it is very difficult to enter there because of the big competition. For example, the competition for the acting department is about 30 people per place. Among the graduates of the school-studio of the Moscow Art Theater named after V.N. Nemirovich-Danchenko has a large number of illustrious actors: L. Bronevoy, E. Evstigneev, T. Doronina, O. Basilashvili, A. Filozov, V. Vysotsky, N. Karachentsov, E. Proklova, A. Baluev, E. Mironov and others.
The repertoire of the Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky
Viewers who have visited the Moscow Art Theater at least once, for the most part, leave very enthusiastic reviews. So, words of admiration are addressed to actors, directors, decorators. On the stage of the theater are interesting plays, both classical and modern, which, in most cases, are very popular with the public. The repertoire also has performances for children that can be visited by the whole family.
Today, among the productions there are also very famous:
- "Blue bird";
- Chocolate Soldier;
- "The Master and Margarita";
- "Romeo and Juliet";
- "Russian vaudeville";
- "Hamlet";
- "Vassa Zheleznova" and many others.
After reading this article, no one will ever have a question how the Moscow Art Theater stands for (as translated).
Troupe
To date, the theater serves more than 60 actors. Of these, 18 have the title of Honored Artist of Russia and 13 have the title of People's Artist of Russia.
So today the Moscow Art Theater appears to us, the decoding of the abbreviation of which looks like "Moscow Art Academic Theater".