In the design of any car, an element such as a starter is provided. GAZelle is no exception. This element is a separate electric motor that provides rotation of the ICE crankshaft. What is a starter and how it is arranged - further in our article.
Characteristic
This element can be characterized by a DC motor. After all, the element receives energy from the car’s battery and with the help of four brushes it converts it into torque. The latter elements serve to increase the power of the electric motor itself.
Technical details
The GAZelevsky starter of gear type works from a network of 12 volts.
The rated power is 1.5 kW. There are nine teeth on the drive gear. The rated current consumption is 550 Amps. The starter torque is 20 Nm. Brushes - copper-graphite. Installed in the amount of 4 units.
Device
How is the starter arranged? GAZelle is a fairly simple car. Therefore, you will not have to study the design of the starter for a long time. So, the main components of this element are:
- Electrical engine.
- Solenoid Relay
- Anchor.
- One way clutch. It is also called bendix.
- Brushes and holders.
All this is placed in a separate metal case.
Usually it is cylindrical in shape. 4 field windings and a core are attached to the inner wall of the starter. How is the starter attached? "GAZelle" (402nd motor) is equipped with this element near the "bell" of the gearbox, next to the flywheel of the engine, with which the element acts directly. The element is mounted on several bolts. Moreover, the screw is screwed into the core, and he already presses the winding against the starter wall.
Anchor
No modern starter can do without this element. GAZelle is no exception. The anchor is made of alloy steel and has the appearance of an axis. The collector plates and the core are pressed onto the mechanism. In the design of the latter there are grooves for laying the windings of the armature. Their ends are fixed in a circular manner. The winding is mounted on a dielectric basis.
The inner diameter of the body and core are directly connected to each other. An anchor is attached to the rear and front starter cover with a brass bushing. The latter also acts as a bearing.
GAZelle starter relay
His motorists call it "retractor." The element is designed to transmit voltage from the ignition switch to an electric motor of such an element as a starter. "GAZelle" (406th engine) with a certain turn of the key starts to start.
The mechanism pushes the freewheel. This is the operation of the solenoid relay. In the back of the mechanism there are power contacts and a movable "jumper". The first are ordinary bolts that are pressed into an ebonite cover. Using nuts, the terminals from the battery are connected to it.
Freewheel
In common people they call her Bendix. The mechanism interacts with the core of the relay using a movable "rocker". Bendix itself is a roller movable mechanism. It is fixed on the shaft of the anchor. The main purpose of the freewheel is to transmit torque to the flywheel through the use of gearing gears. When the engine has successfully started, the flywheel crown and the drive gear are disconnected.
So the starter does not work idle. When transmitting torque to one side, the rollers on the separator come out of the grooves and fix the gear on the outer race. As soon as the direction changes, they “hide” in the separator, the element rotates regardless of the outer cage.
Dismantling
If the car starts to start poorly, the starter must be disassembled. "GAZelle" is first put on the "transfer". Next, remove the terminal from the battery. Where is the starter located? "GAZelle" is equipped with this element on the clutch housing on the right side of the engine.
And it doesn’t matter which motor you have - the 406th or 405th. The dismantling process is the same. So, unscrew the bolts with a “10” head, and the power wire with a “13” wrench. The cord itself, which goes to the
solenoid relay, has its own connector, so it can be easily removed without keys.
Disassembly
How do you disassemble the starter with your own hands? "GAZelle" continues to stand still, and we take the element out. First of all, remove the back cover. It is mounted on two studs. You will need a key "10". If the cover comes out tight, you can use a hammer. With light strokes we take it out. We take out the brushes, winding, anchor and plate. We examine the state of the elements. Since we have a gear starter, we add a little grease to the gear element.
We also treat the
rolling bearing with oil
. Oxides and rust must not be inside. To eliminate it, use
a carburetor cleaner. The composition thoroughly washed all the dirt from the cover and the inside of the starter. But be careful - the product is highly toxic. You need to work in protective gloves. Having cleared the element of dirt, we check the winding for mechanical damage.
For any deformation, the part must be replaced. And it doesn’t matter whether it is an anchor, a winding, a plate or another element. It is very important to inspect the teeth of the bendix. If they are worn, the item changes to a new one.
Frequent malfunctions
Among these, it is necessary to note the breakdown of the starter relay. The reason for this is the displacement of the contact disk or the breakage of the winding. Also, the contact of the power circuit is broken, because of which the element simply refuses to work. The reason may be commonplace - poor tightening of the wires or oxidation of the contacts. Another common problem is that the starter turns, but the engine does not start (the rotation speed was too low).
In this case, experts note a high viscosity of the oil, a weak tightening of the tips and a violation of the contacts in the brush assembly. Although often the problem is a worn battery. A successful start requires a voltage of at least 12.5 volts (the higher the better). Already at 10 volts the engine does not start. How to clean contacts? You can use a special cleaner or apply coarse sandpaper. She also copes well with rust and oxides. The main thing is not to use VD-40, because it contains oil. And as you know, it does not conduct electric current. Yes, this is an excellent tool for rusty bolts, but they should not be cleaned.
Cost
How much does a new GAZelle starter cost? The price of an element is from three to five thousand rubles. If cleaning did not help, it makes sense to replace the entire item. The price is more than affordable.
So, we found out what the GAZelle starter is , how it works , how to remove it and repair it with our own hands.