Do not be scared if the doctor prescribed a prescription for cyanocobalamin - this is just a vitamin, better known by the people as B12. Like other substances from this group, it takes an active part in the work of vital systems of the human body, and its lack can negatively affect the general well-being of a person. Cyanocobalamin promotes better tissue regeneration, positively affects the nervous and circulatory system. Beneficial effect on the liver and regulates blood coagulation. Today we will talk about this substance, learn about its indications and contraindications, positive and negative effects, consider possible analogues on the market and patient reviews.
Cyanocobalamin - what is this vitamin?
The name of the drug comes from the only active substance in its composition. This drug has a hematopoietic effect on the human body, which stimulates cellular metabolism. It is prescribed for dermatological and neurological diseases, in the complex therapy of liver and blood diseases, and can also be recommended for the prevention of the development of certain conditions. Vitamin B12 in combination with other vitamins and minerals helps to strengthen the immune system and improve the overall appearance, as it positively affects the condition of the skin and hair.
The form of release of the drug and its composition
Cyanocobalamin is available in a single form - it is a solution for subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular and intralumbal administration. There is a different dosage, depending on what the color of the liquid can change from pink to saturated red. Cyanocobalamin is produced in ampoules, packed in contour cells or cardboard trays, which are placed in a cardboard box. Each ampoule contains 1 ml of a solution containing 0.2 or 0.5 mg of cyanocobalamin. Auxiliary components - sodium chloride and water for injection.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
The drug belongs to the pharmacological group of vitamins. Cyanocobalamin, as a rule, enters the liver, where it is metabolized. It is converted into 2 substances: methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. The first is an active participant in the process of converting homocysteine to methionine and S-adenosylmethionine. The second substance is one of the most important in the process of carrying out the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Thus, a lack of cyanocobalamin in the body can lead to a violation of the proliferation of rapidly dividing cells of the hematopoietic tissue and epithelium and a malfunction in the formation of the myelin sheath of neurons.
The most common and widely produced chemical compound with vitamin B12 activity is cyanocobalamin. Although this substance is almost 100% artificial. Cyanocobalamin is not found in living organisms, but when ingested it is able to convention in any active compound B12. In other words, cyanocobalamin is a vitamer (or form) of B12.
As for pharmacokinetics, cyanocobalamin, when it enters the bloodstream, binds to substances called transcobalamin, which transport B12 to tissues. Subsequently, it accumulates in the liver and then is consumed by the body on its own through excretion with bile into the intestine, from where it is again absorbed into the blood. The half-life of the substance is 500 days.
Indications for use
Your doctor may prescribe a cyanocobalamin prescription for any condition that results from a vitamin B12 deficiency. As a rule, these are chronic anemia (alimentary macrocytic and Addison-Birmer disease). In addition, the drug is prescribed in the treatment of any kind of anemia, for example, iron deficiency and posthemorrhagic.
Often cyanocobalamin is included in the complex of drugs prescribed for most neurological and dermatological diseases, liver pathologies. Namely:
- cirrhosis of the liver;
- funicular myelosis;
- chronic hepatitis;
- liver failure;
- polyneuritis;
- malnutrition;
- radiculitis;
- neuralgia;
- diseases of the peripheral nervous system;
- Down's disease;
- dermatosis;
- psoriasis;
- atopic dermatitis;
- Cerebral palsy;
- herpetiform dermatitis;
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;
- acute radiation sickness.
Also, the doctor can prescribe a prescription of cyanocobalamin in the case when there is a high probability of malabsorption of this substance, for example, with pathologies of the stomach and intestines, as well as for preventive purposes when prescribing baguanides, ascorbic and paraaminosalicylic acid in a high dosage.
Contraindications
Cyanocobalamin is absolutely forbidden to take in such conditions:
- erythremia;
- erythrocytosis;
- thromboembolism;
- hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
- period of pregnancy and lactation.
Relative contraindications, that is, conditions when the drug should be used with extreme caution and under the supervision of a doctor:
- angina pectoris;
- predisposition to blood clots;
- megaloblastic anemia and B12 deficiency, which arose against the background of benign and malignant neoplasms.
Possible negative reactions of the body to cyanocobalamin
The doctor who writes the prescription for cyanocobalamin should warn the patient about the possible occurrence of such adverse reactions of the body:
- headache;
- dizziness;
- tachycardia;
- diarrhea;
- nervous agitation;
- cardialgia;
- allergic reactions.
Such a side effect as anaphylactic shock is quite rare. In the event of unpleasant phenomena, the patient is provided with symptomatic treatment if necessary. The intake of cyanocobalamin is either canceled completely, or the dosage is adjusted.
Dosage and overdose symptoms
Cyanocobalamin is prescribed after determining the lack of vitamin B12. The doctor must make sure that the body needs this particular substance. Otherwise, there may be an excess of vitamin in the body, which is an equally dangerous condition.
During the course of treatment by administering a solution of cyanocobalamin, peripheral blood is regularly monitored. The level of reticulocyte content and iron concentration in it is determined. Further therapeutic actions depend on the results obtained.
The dosage and duration of the course of treatment is selected by the doctor individually depending on the weight and age of the person, his medical history, as well as the available indications for taking cyanocobalamin. Information on the dosage regimen of the drug is presented for informational purposes and cannot be considered accurate. Cyanocobalamin is prescribed only after examination and is used in therapy under the supervision of a physician.
- For the treatment of B12 deficiency, 200 mcg / day.
- For the treatment of most anemia - 500 mcg / day. In the first week it is administered daily, then the drug is gradually reduced to 1 injection in 5 days.
- In severe conditions - 30 mcg per administration with a subsequent increase in dosage. For example, first 30, then 50, 100, 150 and 200 mcg. The introduction of cyanocobalamin is carried out intralumbally, that is, into the canal of the spinal cord.
- In the treatment of neurological diseases accompanied by pain attacks - 300-400 mcg / day, then 100 mcg.
- In the treatment of liver cirrhosis - 70 mcg / day.
- In the treatment of radiation sickness - 80 mcg / day.
- Children with anemia - 100 mcg.
In case of an overdose of cyanocobalamin, the action will be as follows:
- pulmonary edema;
- vascular thrombosis;
- anaphylactic shock;
- heart failure;
- hives.
If one of these conditions occurs, symptomatic treatment is prescribed. Overdoses of cyanocobalamin with adequate therapy (with the right dose selection) to date have not been identified.
Drug Interactions
By the way, cyanocobalamin "is not friendly" with many other representatives of B vitamins - thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine. Particular use with the first is especially dangerous, since B12 enhances the allergic reaction to thiamine. It is also pharmacologically incompatible with ascorbic acid.
To a large extent, the absorption of cyanocobalamin is reduced when taken together with such substances:
- aminoglycosides;
- tetracyclines;
- polymyxin;
- salicylates;
- colchicine;
- antiepileptic drugs;
- potassium preparations.
Cyanocobalamin is not compatible with coagulant drugs and oral contraceptives. And most antibiotics and antimetabolites "hide" the actual content of cyanocobalamin in the blood during microbiological studies.
Cyanocobalamin: a recipe in Latin and other information
Rp: Sol. Cyancobalamini 0.05% - 1 ml
1. td N 10 in ampull.
2. 1 ml / m once every 2 days.
Storage conditions for the drug: at a temperature not exceeding +25 degrees, avoiding direct sunlight. Should be hidden from children. The drug can be stored for 2 years from the date of manufacture. Use after the date indicated on the package is excluded. It is released from pharmacies by prescription. The average cost in Russia is 24 rubles.
Analogs of cyanocobalamin
For some reason, a drug replacement may be required. There are only a few analogues of cyanocobalamin:
- Triovit;
- "Neuromin";
- Medivitan
- Neurocobal.
Replacing cyanocobalamin with any of the above drugs can only be prescribed by your doctor. A careful study of the instructions for any of the analogues is required in order to eliminate contraindications.
Reviews
As with any other drug therapy, the main thing when taking cyanocobalamin is the correct dosage, an adequate treatment regimen and duration of the course. If you follow the simple rules, no health problems will arise. You can verify this by examining reviews of cyanocobalamin. Although it has a "ridiculous" price, the drug works perfectly. Whatever the indication for use, cyanocobalamin will fulfill its task by 100%, filling the deficiency of B12 in the body as quickly as possible. In addition, patients treated with cyanocobalamin, speak about the excellent tolerability of the drug. Course treatment contributes to a significant improvement in the general condition: endurance increases, drowsiness, apathy disappear. Cyanocobalamin also helps to strengthen the immune system, has a positive effect on the hematopoiesis system and improves blood circulation.
Those who have already managed to verify for themselves what kind of vitamin cyanocobalamin is, they know for sure that if the doctor prescribed this drug, one should expect high effectiveness from the selected therapy. In addition, many girls use the contents of ampoules to treat hair. Masks are prepared with a solution of cyanocobalamin, and it is also rubbed into the roots in pure form. Here the reviews are also exclusively positive - the curls become stronger, dandruff disappears, and shine appears. So, if someone else doubted the effectiveness of the drug, do not worry about it. The main thing is that the therapy is carried out as prescribed by the doctor.
You can learn more about the effect of the drug and its capabilities from the video above, in which a neurologist shares his knowledge and opinion.